早期描述物种的模式标定及基因组解析:以中国第一个被描述的真菌新种五棱散尾鬼笔为例  

Typification and genome analyses of early described fungal species:a case study of Lysurus mokusin,the first new fungal species described in China

作　　者：梁俊敏 王科 杜卓 赵明君 蔡磊[1,2] 戴玉成[3] LIANG Junmin;WANG Ke;DU Zhuo;ZHAO Mingjun;CAI Lei;DAI Yucheng(State Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity and Innovative Utilization,Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Fungarium,Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources,School of Ecology and Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院微生物研究所微生物多样性与资源创新利用全国重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆,北京100101 [3]北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《菌物学报》2025年第4期14-28,共15页Mycosystema

基　　金：中华人民共和国科学技术部基础资源调查专项(2021FY100900)。

摘　　要：五棱散尾鬼笔Lysurus mokusin(L.f.)Fr.,又名中华散尾鬼笔,于1774年由法国传教士西博特(Cibot PM)描述与发表,是首个被科学描述的中国真菌新物种,为稳定该名称的准确使用,本研究依照现用命名法规对该物种开展了模式标定和分类学研究,指定了后选模式和附加模式。利用HiFi测序技术组装了附加模式的双核基因组和线粒体基因组。五棱散尾鬼笔环状线粒体总长101.1kb,含有26个tRNA和16个蛋白编码基因。每个单倍体大小为35Mb,含有11条染色体,总长度达33Mb,另含有片段contig1.4Mb。BUSCO评估核基因组完整度达88.5%,代表了一个染色体水平的较高质量基因组,这也是该属报道的第一个基因组。五棱散尾鬼笔重复序列占比较高,约占16%,2个单倍体分别预测获得8637和8572个蛋白编码基因,,具有典型“双速基因组”特征。此外,共预测获得27.个非允余的生物合成基因簇(BGCs),以NRPS/NRPS-like为主,主要分布于Chr01、Chr04和Chr06染色体,其中2个BGCs与合成具有杀虫抑菌功效的xenotetrapeptide和rhizomide基因簇100%同源。本研究为大量缺乏模式的早期描述物种的分类学和资源利用研究提供了参考与示范,稳定了名称的使用并提供了重要的模式材料和数据。Lysurus mokusin(L.f.)Fr.,initially described and named‘mo-ku-sin’after pronunciation of Chinese‘蘑菰蕈’by the French missionary Cibot in 1774,is the first scientifically described fungus from China.To facilitate the correct application of its name,its typification and taxonomic study according to the current nomenclature code were carried out.The lectotype and epitype were designated,and mitochondrial genome and nuclear genome of the epitype specimen were assembled.The circulated mitochondria of L.mokusin totaled 101.1 kb,containing 26 tRNA and 16 protein-coding genes.Each nuclear haplotype contains 11 chromosomes with a total length of 33 Mb and 8/11 fragment contigs of 1.4 Mb.The BUSCO analysis suggested that the genome is 88.5%completed.This is the first genome reported for Lysurus.A high proportion of repeat sequences(ca.16%)was detected and,after masking,8637 and 8572 protein-coding genes were predicted for two haplotypes,respectively.The gene distribution shows a typical pattern of a“two-speed genome”.In addition,27 non-redundant biosynthetic gene clusters(BGCs)were predicted,mainly distributed in Chr01,Chr04 and Chr06.Two BGCs are 100%homologous to known insecticidal and antimicrobial BGCs producing xenotetrapeptide and rhizomide.Our study provides a model for the typification of numerous early-described species lacking types in China.

关 键 词：附加模式 DNA条形码 HiFi测序 双速基因组 生物合成基因簇 

分 类 号：Q949.32[生物学—植物学]