乌兰布和沙漠植被因子对风沙活动特征的影响  

The impact of vegetation factors of three vegetation communities on aeolian sand factors in the Ulan Buh Desert

作　　者：曹昱轩 李锦荣 杨旭 娜玛罕 武恒博 屈鹏程 Cao Yuxuan;Li Jinrong;Yang Xu;Namahan;Wu Hengbo;Qu Pengcheng(Institute of Desert Control Science and Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;Yinshanbeilu National Field Research Station of Steppe Eco-hydrological System,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Water Conservancy DevelopmentCenter,Hohhot 010020,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院内蒙古阴山北麓草原生态水文国家野外科学观测研究站,北京100038 [3]内蒙古自治区水利事业发展中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010020

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2025年第2期37-46,共10页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：内蒙古自治区“揭榜挂帅”项目(2024JBGS0013);国家自然科学基金面上项目(42071021);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2023YFHH0068)。

摘　　要：为揭示乌兰布和沙漠植被因子对风速及输沙的影响,选择以梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)、霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylum)、四合木(Tetraena mongolica)和沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus mongolicus)为主要建群种的典型植物群落开展风沙活动观测。结果表明,粗糙度Z_(0)与植被盖度c、植被高度h和风速UZ符合Z_(0)=a_(0)ch+b_(0)U_(Z)+c_(0)关系(a_(0)>0,b_(0)<0),输沙率Q与风速v、植被因子之间的关系符合Q=exp(a_(1)ch+b_(1)v^(2)+c_(1))指数函数关系;风速是影响输沙率的最主要因素,与粗糙度负相关,与输沙率正相关;植被因子与粗糙度正相关,与输沙率负相关。建立多因素综合关系式分析植物群落植被因子对风沙运动的影响具备实际物理意义,输沙率随影响因素呈指数函数变化,拟合结果系数及影响因子贡献率可作为影响因素的量化指标,植被因子对粗糙度及输沙率造成影响具有一定的尺度范围。乌兰布和沙漠沿黄两岸,下垫面结构紧密的霸王+四合木群落相对于其他两个群落对粗糙度和输沙率影响最大。This study aims to investigate the effects of different plant community types on wind speed and sediment transport in the Ulan Buh desert area.Three typical vegetation communities with Haloxylon ammodendron,Zygophyllum xanthoxylum,Tetraena mongolica,and Ammopiptanthus mongolicus as the dominant species were selected for wind and sand dynamic observations.The research results show that the roughness coefficient Z_(0) of vegetation communities is related to the vegetation coverage c,vegetation height h,and wind speed U_(Z) by the function Z_(0)=a_(0)ch+b_(0)U_(Z)+c(0)(where a_(0)>0 and b_(0)<0).The sediment transport rate can be described by the exponential function model Q=exp(a_(1)ch+b_(1)v^(2)+c_(1)),where the wind speed v,vegetation factors,and sediment transport rate Q are related.Wind speed,as a key factor affecting roughness and sediment transport rate,is negatively correlated with roughness and positively correlated with sediment transport rate.Vegetation factors are positively correlated with roughness and negatively correlated with sediment transport rate.By establishing a multi-factor comprehensive relationship,it is possible to more accurately analyze the effects of plant community wind and sand movement,where the sediment transport rate changes with the influence factors in an exponential function manner.The coefficients of the fitting results and the contribution rates of the influencing factors can be used as quantitative indicators to evaluate the influence range of vegetation factors on roughness and sediment transport rate.In the Ulan Buh desert along the Yellow River,the Zygophyllum xanthoxylum+Tetraena mongolica community with a tight underlying surface structure has the most significant effects on roughness and sediment transport rate compared to other communities.

关 键 词：植物群落 输沙率 空气动力学粗糙度 乌兰布和沙漠 

分 类 号：X169[环境科学与工程—环境科学]