分类学中的方法论小叙  

A brief discussion on methodology in taxonomy

作　　者：洪德元[1] Deyuan Hong(Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany/State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学重点实验室,植物多样性与特色经济作物全国重点实验室,北京100093

出　　处：《生物多样性》2025年第2期1-9,共9页Biodiversity Science

摘　　要：我从事分类学研究60年,从《中国植物志》到世界专著性研究,受到国内外的肯定。在这一过程中体会到,完善而合理的研究方法至关重要。分类学是一门综合性很强的学科,涉及到生物学几乎所有学科,其中形态学、孢粉学、细胞学、遗传学、分子生物学和统计学是必须掌握的学科。针对中国的植物分类学研究历史和现状,我以世界芍药属(科)(Paeonia,Paeoniaceae)和桔梗科党参属(Codonopsis,Campanulaceae)以及近缘类群的研究为例,应用了上述各个学科,重点强调野外考察和统计分析是不可或缺的研究方法。只有通过野外考察才能获取必要的实验材料,才能分清居群多态性和种间差异;唯有统计分析才能区分是种内的变异还是遗传隔离。分子系统学的兴起已使分类学进入一个崭新的时代,分类学工作者必须认识它,学习它。我的团队在上述两项研究中应用了它,获得超预期的成果。我的感想是:高水平的研究必须有完善的科学方法。The author has been engaged in taxonomic research for 60 years,from Flora of China to world monographs,and has been recognized both at home and abroad.During this process,the author has realized that a complete and reasonable research method is of vital importance.Taxonomy is a highly comprehensive discipline,involving almost all branches of biology,among which morphology,palynology,cytology,genetics,molecular biology and statistics are indispensable.Taking the research on the genus Paeonia(Paeoniaceae)and the genus Codonopsis(Campanulaceae)and their related groups as examples,the author has applied all the above-mentioned disciplines,emphasizing that field investigation and statistical analysis are indispensable research methods.Only through field investigation can necessary experimental materials be obtained and between the population polymorphism and interspecific differences be distinguished;only through statistical analysis can intraspecific variations and genetic isolation be differentiated.The rise of molecular systematics has brought taxonomy into a brand-new era,and taxonomists must recognize and learn it.My team has applied it in the above two studies and achieved unexpected results.My feeling is that high-level research must be based on complete scientific methods.

关 键 词：分类 物种界定 方法 野外考察 统计分析 分子系统发生 芍药属 桔梗科 

分 类 号：Q949[生物学—植物学]