干扰对中亚热带森林群落物种多样性演替动态的影响  

Influences of disturbances on successional dynamics of species diversity in mid-subtropical forests

作　　者：贾贞妮 张意岑 杜彦君 任海保[2,3] Zhenni Jia;Yicen Zhang;Yanjun Du;Haibao Ren(College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China;Zhejiang Qianjiangyuan Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station,Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China;China National Botanical Garden,Beijing 100093,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带农林学院,海口570228 [2]中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化重点实验室浙江钱江源森林生物多样性国家野外科学观测研究站,北京100093 [3]国家植物园,北京100093

出　　处：《生物多样性》2025年第2期10-22,共13页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFE0112802)。

摘　　要：在当前全球生物多样性面临严峻挑战的背景下,深入探讨人为和自然干扰对森林群落物种多样性的影响显得尤为重要。本研究以中亚热带森林群落为研究对象,选取钱江源-百山祖国家公园候选区钱江源园区内常绿阔叶老龄林、一次干扰次生林、两次干扰次生林和杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)人工林4种典型森林类型,依托12个1 ha森林动态监测样地长期积累的数据,采用物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数,系统分析了不同干扰程度下物种多样性的演替轨迹及演替速率的变化,旨在为生物多样性保护和生态修复提供科学依据。研究结果表明,常绿阔叶老龄林、一次干扰次生林和杉木人工林的物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson多样性指数随演替进展而增加,而两次干扰次生林则呈现下降趋势。在常绿阔叶老龄林和一次干扰次生林中,Pielou均匀度指数随演替进展呈现先增后减的变化趋势;而在两次干扰次生林和杉木人工林中,Pielou均匀度指数则呈现逐渐增加之势。特别地,当不考虑杉木时,杉木人工林的Pielou均匀度指数随演替进展而下降。各物种多样性指数的演替速率总体上随时间呈下降趋势,但物种丰富度和Pielou均匀度指数的演替速率多数情况下差异不显著。受冰雪灾害影响后,常绿阔叶老龄林的演替轨迹偏离了其稳定状态,其恢复初期物种丰富度的演替速率显著高于其他森林,并随时间显著下降,而Pielou均匀度指数演替速率较低,随时间无显著变化。杉木人工林Pielou均匀度指数的演替速率显著高于其他森林,且随时间显著降低,而其物种丰富度的演替速率低,与一次干扰次生林和两次干扰次生林无显著差异。综上所述,本研究揭示了不同干扰对中亚热带森林物种多样性演替轨迹和速率的显著、差异性影响。建议在制定修复Aims:In the face of the extinction crisis primarily driven by human activities,understanding the dynamics of forest succession under varying disturbance regimes is more vital than ever.This study seeks to examine the influences of disturbances on the successional dynamics of species diversity in mid-subtropical forests,aiming to provide scientific insights for biodiversity conservation and ecological restoration efforts.Methods:We selected four typical forests within the Qianjiangyuan section of the Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu National Park candidate area:evergreen broad-leaved old-growth forests(PR),once-disturbed secondary forests(MD),twice-disturbed secondary forests(SD),and Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata)plantation forests(PL).A total of 121-ha forest dynamics plots(three plots for each forest type)were established in 2009 and recensused every five years.In each census,all free-standing stems≥1 cm in DBH(diameter at breast height)were measured,mapped,and identified to species.With those data,we measured species diversity using four indices:species richness,Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Simpson diversity index,and Pielou’s evenness index,collectively to explore the trajectories and rates of successions of biodiversity under different disturbance regimes.Results:Our longitudinal data revealed that species richness,Shannon-Wiener diversity index,and Simpson diversity index in PR,MD,and PL increased over succession,while they decreased in SD.Pielou’s evenness index showed divergent dynamics:it initially increased and then decreased in PR and MD,whereas it consistently increased in SD and PL.Noticeably,when Chinese fir was excluded,Pielou’s evenness index in PL decreased over time.The succession rate of various species diversity indices generally showed a declining trend over time,but the rate of species richness and Pielou’s evenness index was mostly not significant.Affected by snow and ice disasters,the successional trajectory of PR deviated from its stable state.The succession rate of species richne

关 键 词：物种均匀度 物种丰富度 常绿阔叶林 演替轨迹 多样性指数 次生林 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]