眼后部生物力学特性与玻璃视网膜疾病及视神经病变研究进展  

Research progress on biomechanical characteristics of the posterior eye and vitreoretinal diseases and optic neuropathy

作　　者：曹华政 王雁[1] Cao Huazheng;Wang Yan(Tianjin Eye Hospital,Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital,Clinical College of Ophthalmology of Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin Eye Institute,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science,Tianjin 300020,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市眼科医院,南开大学附属眼科医院,天津医科大学眼科临床学院,天津市眼科研究所,天津市眼科学与视觉科学重点实验室,天津300020

出　　处：《中华眼科杂志》2025年第4期298-303,共6页Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2404502);国家自然科学基金面上项目(82271118);天津市科技计划项目(21JCZDJC01190);天津市卫生健康科技项目(TJWJ2022XK036);天津市医学重点学科(专项)建设项目(TJYXZDXK-016A)。

摘　　要：生物组织疾病的发生发展与其生物力学特性密切相关。近年来,角膜和巩膜生物力学特性研究成果颇丰,眼后部生物力学与眼部疾病的关联研究也持续推进。本综述系统梳理了视网膜、Bruch膜-脉络膜复合体(BMCC)和视乳头的生物力学特征相关研究。视网膜具有各向异性,从内层到感光层弹性模量递增,内界膜机械强度和刚度较高且随年龄变化。BMCC刚度随应变增加,其生物力学变化与衰老、年龄相关性疾病紧密相连。视乳头应力-应变模式受多种因素影响,在青光眼等疾病中作用关键。这些生物力学特性在年龄相关性黄斑变性、糖尿病视网膜病变、青光眼视神经病变等疾病发病机制中意义重大,还广泛应用于临床手术优化、疾病监测与诊断。然而,目前眼后节生物力学研究仍处于起步阶段,年龄、眼压、血流和轴向长度等多因素的机械调节机制尚未完全明确,基质蛋白重塑和翻译后修饰等方面也有待深入研究。The occurrence and development of biological tissue diseases are closely related to their biomechanical properties.In recent years,significant achievements have been made in the research on the biomechanical properties of the cornea and sclera,and the research on the association between the biomechanics of the posterior eye and eye diseases has also been continuously advanced.This review systematically collates the research on the biomechanical characteristics of the retina,Bruch′s membrane-choroid complex(BMCC),and optic nerve head.The retina is anisotropic,with the elastic modulus increasing from the inner layer to the photosensitive layer.The internal limiting membrane has high mechanical strength and stiffness,and these properties change with age.The stiffness of the BMCC increases with strain,and its biomechanical changes are closely linked to aging and age-related diseases.The stress-strain pattern of the optic nerve head is affected by multiple factors and plays a crucial role in diseases such as glaucoma.These biomechanical properties are of great significance in the pathogenesis of diseases such as age-related macular degeneration,diabetic retinopathy,and glaucomatous optic neuropathy,and are also widely applied in the optimization of clinical surgeries,disease monitoring,and diagnosis.However,currently,the research on the biomechanics of the posterior segment of the eye is still in its infancy.The mechanical regulation mechanisms of multiple factors such as age,intraocular pressure,blood flow,and axial length have not been fully elucidated,and aspects such as matrix protein remodeling and post-translational modifications also require in-depth research.

关 键 词：黄斑变性 糖尿病视网膜病变 视神经疾病 视网膜 脉络膜 视盘 生物力学现象 

分 类 号：R774.1[医药卫生—眼科]