褪黑素调控昼夜节律对认知功能的影响及机制  

The impact and mechanism of melatonin on cognitive function by regulating circadian rhythms

作　　者：翁克威(综述) 王改青(审校) WENG Kewei;WANG Gaiqing(Hainan Medical University,Haikou 570000,China)

机构地区：[1]海南医科大学,海南海口570000 [2]三亚中心医院(海南省第三人民医院),海南三亚572000

出　　处：《中风与神经疾病杂志》2025年第4期365-369,共5页Journal of Apoplexy and Nervous Diseases

基　　金：海南省重点研发项目(ZDYF2023SHFZ104);三亚市科技创新专项项目(2022KJCX24);三亚中心医院院级自然科学基金项目(SYZXYY202408)。

摘　　要：昼夜节律是调控睡眠-觉醒周期、激素分泌和代谢的重要生物过程,其稳定性对维持正常的认知功能至关重要。褪黑素(MT)作为松果体分泌的一种关键激素,参与调节昼夜节律,进而对认知功能产生重要影响。本文系统梳理了褪黑素通过昼夜节律调控认知功能的多重机制,包括改善睡眠质量、促进胶质淋巴系统(GS)清除代谢废物、抗氧化和抗炎作用,以及调节神经元活动和突触可塑性的改善。此外,本文还探讨了昼夜节律紊乱与神经系统变性疾病的关联。未来研究需进一步明确褪黑素在神经保护中的作用机制,为认知障碍的预防和治疗提供新的思路。Circadian rhythm is an essential biological process that regulates the sleep-wake cycle,hormone secretion,and metabolism,and the stability of circadian rhythm is crucial for maintaining normal cognitive function.Melatonin(MT),a key hormone secreted by the pineal gland,is involved in the regulation of circadian rhythm and thus has a significant impact on cognitive function.This article systematically reviews the multiple mechanisms by which MT regulates cognitive function through circadian rhythm,including improving sleep quality,promoting the clearance of metabolic waste by the glymphatic system,exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects,and regulating neuronal activity and the improvement of synaptic plasticity.In addition,this article also discusses the association between circadian rhythm disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.Future studies are needed in the future to further clarify the neuroprotective mechanisms of MT,in order to provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment.

关 键 词：褪黑素 昼夜节律 认知功能 胶质淋巴系统 水通道蛋白-4 

分 类 号：R749.1[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]