从“无友不如己者”看知识型依附关系的源起与特征  

The Origin and Characteristics of Intellectual Dependency:A Perspective from Confucius's“Do Not Befriend Those Inferior to Yourself”

作　　者：李健胜 LI Jiansheng

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学历史文化学院,长沙410081

出　　处：《孔子研究》2025年第2期65-72,158,共9页Confucius Studies

摘　　要：“无友不如己者”在商周血亲伦理关系和“拟血缘”的僚友关系中都有历史原型,是形成知识型依附关系的交友之道,而非孔子的向壁虚造。历代注家多从语言逻辑角度解读“无友不如己者”,未从历史实际判断它的内涵。知识型依附具有人际从属性和人格相对独立性两个基本特征,反映了士人交游实践的特殊性和复杂性。它的实存说明儒家的“仁”包含有敬爱、垂爱乃至怜爱之义,并非全然平等的“爱人”精神,也说明古今思想文化的交融与互嵌是一个永恒命题。The Confucian dictum“Do not befriend those inferior to yourself”(无友不如己者)has historical roots in the kinship ethics of the Shang-Zhou dynasties and the quasi-kinship bonds among bureaucratic allies,rather than being a mere abstract invention by Confucius.This principle served as a foundational norm for forming intellectual dependency relations—a social dynamic where knowledge elites cultivated hierarchical yet semi-autonomous affiliations.Traditional commentators have largely interpreted the phrase through linguistic logic,neglecting its historical context and practical implications.Intellectual dependency is characterized by two paradoxical features:interpersonal subordination and relative independence of character,reflecting the unique complexity of scholarly interactions in pre-imperial China.The persistence of such relationships reveals that Confucian Ren(benevolence)encompasses hierarchical affection—ranging from reverence to paternalistic care—rather than purely egalitarian“love for others”.It also underscores the enduring interplay and mutual embedding of ancient and modern intellectual-cultural frameworks.

关 键 词：“无友不如己者” 知识型依附关系 交游实践 

分 类 号：B222[哲学宗教—中国哲学]