“一高三低”困境下弱势创业者的反脆弱机制——一项案例研究  

How Can Underdog Entrepreneurs Achieve Anti-fragility?A Case Study Based on the Opportunity-Resource-Capability Perspective

作　　者：朱虹明 肖雄辉 唐炎钊[3] Zhu Hongming;Xiao Xionghui;Tang Yanzhao(School of Economics,Chongqing Technology and Business University;Business College,Southwest University;School of Management,Xiamen University)

机构地区：[1]重庆工商大学经济学院 [2]西南大学商贸学院 [3]厦门大学管理学院

出　　处：《南开管理评论》2025年第4期50-59,73,共11页Nankai Business Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(23BGL083)资助。

摘　　要：弱势创业是解决重点群体就业困境,实现共同富裕、增进民生福祉的重要手段。尽管过往研究表明弱势创业者更加容易创业失败,仍有少数弱势创业者能够打破脆弱性陷阱,取得意想不到的成功。本文聚焦于这一现象,挖掘赶超型弱势创业者反脆弱的过程和机理。研究发现:(1)个人—环境匹配能够驱动弱势创业者独特的机会识别,形成局部有利的机会空间,实现机会反脆弱;(2)负责任创业导向能够驱动弱势创业者获得多元社会支持,形成滚动积累的稀缺资源,实现资源反脆弱;(3)成长型思维能够驱动弱势创业者的创业学习,形成持续迭代的创业能力,实现能力反脆弱。本文基于“情境—认知—行为—结果”的反脆弱逻辑和“机会—资源—能力”的反脆弱视角提出弱势创业者逆势成功的反脆弱理论,丰富弱势创业与创业成功理论前沿。本文还为弱势创业者创业实践提供启示。Under China’s policy initiatives such as“Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation”and poverty alleviation,entrepreneurship among disadvantaged groups has become a pivotal force in addressing employment challenges and promoting social equity.These individuals,termed underdog entrepreneurs—constrained by socioeconomic,physical,educational,or geographical vulnerabilities—often face systemic barriers including resource scarcity,social exclusion,and stigmatization,resulting in high failure rates and low innovation,growth,and performance.Despite these challenges,a subset of these entrepreneurs,referred to as resilient underdog entrepreneurs,manage to achieve unexpected success by transforming liabilities into advantages.Yet,the mechanisms enabling such transformations remain underexplored.This study explicitly addresses the question:How do resilient underdog entrepreneurs“convert disadvantages into strengths”to attain entrepreneurial success under extreme adversity?Existing scholarship has predominantly examined exogenous drivers(e.g.,institutional support,cluster effects)and behavioral-level endogenous strategies(e.g.,resource bricolage,network embedding)to explain entrepreneurial success within this population.While these studies highlight structural interventions and adaptive actions,they largely overlook the cognitive-psychological underpinnings of resilience and fail to address the compounded constraints of opportunity,resource,and capability deficiencies.Domestic research,particularly in China,has echoed these themes,emphasizing survival-oriented entrepreneurship among vulnerable groups but offering limited insights into how some transcend systemic disadvantages.Internationally,debates persist regarding whether underdog entrepreneurs’success stems from external empowerment or internal agency,with scant attention to how these forces interact dynamically across multidimensional constraints.This study addresses these gaps by investigating the cognitive-behavioral mechanisms that enable disadvantaged entr

关 键 词：弱势创业者 反脆弱 个人—环境匹配 成长型思维 负责任导向 案例研究 

分 类 号：F279.2[经济管理—企业管理]