大数据证据的适用规则与审查机制构建  

The Construction of Applicable Rules and Review Mechanism for Big Data Evidence

作　　者：宗雪萍[1] 吴其胜 ZONG Xueping;WU Qisheng(Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]江西理工大学,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期104-112,共9页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University:Social Science Edition

摘　　要：大数据证据作为一种新兴的证据形式,在诉讼活动中的重要性日益凸显。但学界对大数据证据内涵的界定尚存较大分歧,概念模糊性不仅制约了大数据证据在司法实践中的有效运用,还因审理机制不清晰致使大数据证据面临种类、适用规则、可采性、可靠性等多重困境。针对上述困境,可从大数据证据的实质内涵和独特属性出发,明确大数据证据应属于实物证据、电子数据证据范畴。结合大数据证据由大数据库、算法、分析报告三者有机结合的自然属性,在重新审视最佳证据规则、网络身份与现实身份同一性、行为人与存储介质关联性等传统审查模式下,构建大数据证据的三维审查机制,即大数据库合理性标准、算法有效性校验标准、大数据分析报告真实性校验标准,并以公证制度作为补充。Big data evidence,as a new form of evidence,has become increasingly important in daily life and litigation activities.However,there is still considerable disagreement among scholars regarding the definition and connotation of big data evidence.This conceptual ambiguity not only restricts the effective application of big data evidence in judicial practice but also leads to multiple predicaments such as category predicament,application rule predicament,admissibility predicament,and reliability predicament due to the unclear trial mechanism and the insufficient understanding of judicial staff.Therefore,in response to these predicaments,starting from the substantive connotation and unique attributes of big data evidence and combining its nature and characteristics,it can be clarified that big data evidence should fall within the category of physical evidence and electronic data evidence,and initially apply the"three characteristics"assessment under traditional evidence rules.Then,considering the natural attribute of big data evidence being the organic combination of big data bases,algorithms,and analysis reports,the traditional review models such as the best evidence rule,identity of online and real identities,and association between the actor and the storage medium should be abandoned.A three-dimensional review model for big data evidence should be constructed,namely the rationality standard of big data bases,the validity verification standard of algorithms,and the authenticity verification standard of big data analysis reports,supplemented by the notarization system.

关 键 词：大数据证据 电子数据 适用规则 审查机制 

分 类 号：D925[政治法律—诉讼法学]