汉语方言中的土家语声调底层——以湘西北汉语方言与土家语北部方言的接触和影响为例  

The Tone Substratum of Tujia(土家)Language in Chinese Dialect——Take the Language Contact and Interaction between Northwest Hunan(湖南)Dialect and Northern Tujia(土家)Language as an Example

作　　者：明茂修 MING Mao-xiu(College of Literature,Guizhou University,Guiyang Guizhou 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学文学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《语言研究》2025年第2期153-161,共9页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：贵州省2020年度哲学社会科学规划重点项目“语言类型学视阈下贵阳方言声调的实验研究”(20GZZD42);贵州大学引进人才科研项目“基于实验分析的贵阳方言元音研究”(贵大人基合字(2020)046号)。

摘　　要：以慈利县溪口镇方言声调个案为代表的湘西北汉语方言声调具有特殊性,既显著区别于当地强势汉语方言西南官话,又与周边湘语和乡话等汉语方言迥异;而无论是在调值还是在调形格局上,都与跟其有深度接触和影响关系的土家语北部方言声调高度契合,表明湘西北汉语方言保留着土家语北部方言的声调底层。而且湘西北汉语方言所包含的土家语北部方言和西南官话的声调特征还呈现出了在“城-乡”汉语方言中互为消长的行政或地理分布特征,不仅体现了现今西南官话的强势方言地位,更体现了土家语声调底层在湘西北汉语方言中的顽强性。The particularity of the tone of the dialect in Xikou(溪口)Cili(慈利),which is a representative of the Northwest Hunan(湖南)Dialect,lies in the fact that it is very different from the tones of Southwest Mandarin,Xiang(湘)Dialect,and Xianghua(乡话)Dialect while corresponding highly with the tone of Northern Tujia(土家)language in both tone value and tone form pattern,illustrating that the tone of Northern Tujia(土家)language influences the tone of Northwest Hunan(湖南)Dialect strongly and makes it retain the substratum of Tujia language tone.And that the tonality features of the Northern Tujia(土家)language and Southwest Mandarin,which the Northwest Hunan(湖南)Dialect reflects,shows a trade-off relationship among different Chinese dialects between urban and rural areas,not only reflecting the strong position of Southwest Mandarin but also showing the tenacious vitality of the substratum of Tujia(土家)language tone in Chinese dialect of northwest Hunan(湖南).

关 键 词：湘西北汉语方言 土家语北部方言 语言接触 声调底层 西南官话 

分 类 号：H273[语言文字—少数民族语言] H17