渭河流域典型农药污染特征及生态风险评估  

Pollution Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Typical Pesticides in Weihe River Basin

作　　者：方晶 侯琳 郭新影 贾世琪 马文鹏 杨震 金小伟[2] FANG Jing;HOU Lin;GUO Xinying;JIA Shiqi;MA Wenpeng;YANG Zhen;JIN Xiaowei(Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Quality Control for Environmental Protection,China National Environmental Monitoring Centre,Beijing 100012,China;Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Shaanxi Provincial Environmental Monitoring Center,Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Pollutants Monitoring and Early Warning of Environmental Media,Xi’an 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [2]中国环境监测总站,国家环境保护环境监测质量控制重点实验室,北京100012 [3]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [4]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049 [5]陕西省环境监测中心站,陕西省环境介质痕量污染物监测预警重点实验室,西安710048

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2025年第2期1-16,共16页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(42477299,42322710);黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展联合研究项目(2022-YRUC-01-0101)。

摘　　要：农药污染被认为是导致淡水生态系统中生物多样性丧失的重要因素之一。渭河是黄河最大的支流,也是我国重要的粮食生产区,农业生产和水生态环境保护受到农药污染的威胁。然而,目前流域内农药污染特点和生态风险鲜有报道,需重点管控的农药清单尚不清楚。本研究通过对渭河流域地表水中典型农药的调查分析,并采用商值法、概率法以及混合风险评估等方法进行多层级生态风险评价。结果表明,氨基甲酸酯、新烟碱、有机磷及三嗪类农药的总浓度最高分别达3000、2390、4720和125 ng·L^(-1)。农药的季节性使用以及河流径流变化可能导致平水期和枯水期农药污染水平差异,农药污染总体水平枯水期>平水期。风险评估结果表明,吡虫啉、环嗪酮、莠去津、西玛津在不同水期均表现出较高生态风险,其中平水期风险商值最高达36.155,枯水期达111.25。优先级指数在5.67~36.16(平水期)及13.20~108.47(枯水期)范围内。联合概率风险评估结果显示,西玛津、吡虫啉、灭多威分别对9%~99%、4%~25%、5%~62%的物种造成中度风险。混合风险评估结果表明,平水期77%和枯水期70%的采样点位存在生态风险,关中平原的清河、横水河流域风险较高。本研究分析了地表水农药污染水平、分布特征和生态风险,明确了高风险农药,为渭河流域农药风险管控以及流域内水生物多样性保护提供了基础支撑。Pesticide pollution is recognized as a major driver of biodiversity loss in freshwater ecosystems.As the largest tributary of the Yellow River and a key grain-producing region in China,the Weihe River faces significant threats from pesticide contamination,threatening both agricultural productivity and aquatic ecosystem conservation.However,the characteristics and ecological risks of pesticide pollution in this basin remain largely unreported,and priority pesticides requiring regulatory attention have yet to be identified.This study systematically investigated typical pesticides in surface water from the Weihe River Basin and conducted a multi-tiered ecological risk assessment using risk quotient,probabilistic,and mixture risk analysis methods.Results showed that the total concentrations of carbamates,neonicotinoids,organophosphates,and triazines reached 3000,2390,4720,and 125 ng·L^(-1),respectively.Seasonal variations in pesticide application and river runoff influenced pollution levels,with contamination being more severe in the dry season than in the normal season.Risk assessment identified imidacloprid,chlorotoluron,atrazine,and simazine as high-risk pesticides across seasons,with maximum risk quotient values reaching 36.155(normal season)and 111.25(dry season).Priority index values ranged from 5.67 to 36.16 in the normal season and 13.20 to 108.47 in the dry season.Joint probability analysis indicated that simazine,imidacloprid,and methomyl posed moderate risks to 9%~99%,4%~25%,and 5%~62%of species,respectively.Mixture risk analysis further revealed that 77%of sampling sites in the normal season and 70%in the dry season exhibited ecological risks,with the Qinghe and Hengshui River basins in the Guanzhong Plain being particularly affected.This study provides a comprehensive assessment of pesticide pollution levels,spatial distribution patterns,and ecological risks in the Weihe River Basin,identifies high-risk pesticides,and offers a scientific basis for pesticide risk management and aquatic biodiversity conse

关 键 词：新污染物 农药 渭河流域 生态风险评估 污染特征 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]