下一代风险评估及其应用进展  

Next Generation Risk Assessment and Its Application Progress

作　　者：胡廷英 崔艳芳 闫振飞 叶璟 冯承莲[2] HU Tingying;CUI Yanfang;YAN Zhenfei;YE Jing;FENG Chenglian(School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,Shanghai Institute of Technology,Shanghai 201418,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Co.,Ltd,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]上海应用技术大学化学与环境工程学院,上海201418 [2]中国环境科学研究院环境基准标准与风险管控全国重点实验室,北京100012 [3]中冶节能环保有限责任公司,北京100088

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2025年第2期25-33,共9页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(42277274,42394154)。

摘　　要：随着科学技术的不断进步、替代毒理学的快速发展以及动物实验禁令在部分国家和地区的推广,传统风险评估的局限性日益凸显,下一代风险评估(next generation risk assessment,NGRA)应运而生。NGRA是一种替代动物实验的新型风险评估方法,它依赖于通过体外测试、体外-体内外推(in vitro to in vivo extrapolation,IVIVE)、计算毒理学、交叉参照等新路线方法(new approach methodologies,NAMs)生成的数据,这些方法使用基于人类的模型,准确地反映了人类生物学,增加了风险评估的准确性以及高效性。本文系统整理了NGRA的研究现状和进展,简要介绍了NGRA的框架,主要围绕NGRA采用的NAMs及面临的挑战进行了重点分析,同时分享多种暴露场景下的应用案例,并对NGRA未来研究方向进行展望,以期为我国化学物质环境管理提供更好的方法学支撑。With the continuous advancement of science and technology,the rapid development of alternative t oxicology,alongside,the promotion of animal testing bans in certain countries and regions,the limitations of traditional risk assessment methods have become increasingly apparent.As a result,next generation risk assessment(NGRA)has emerged as a novel risk assessment approach that serves as an alternative to animal testing.NGRA r elies on data generated through new approach methodologies(NAMs),such as in vitro testing,in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation(IVIVE),computational toxicology,and read-across.These methods utilize human-based models that accurately reflect human biology,thereby enhancing both the accuracy and efficiency of risk assessment.This paper systematically reviews the current state and progress of NGRA research,provides a brief introduction to the NGRA framework,focuses on the NAMs employed by NGRA and discusses the challenges it faces.Additionally,it shares application cases under various exposure scenarios and explores future research directions.The goal is to offer methodological support for the environmental management of chemical substances in China.

关 键 词：下一代风险评估 体外测试 体外-体内外推 计算毒理学 交叉参照 新路线方法 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]