抗生素制药企业废水处理全过程中毒性评价  

Toxicity Evaluation of Antibiotic Pharmaceutical Wastewater in the Whole Treatment Process

作　　者：张玉琳 罗双艳 赵亚娴 陈星羽 刘芃岩[1] 李圆圆[2] 秦占芬[2] ZHANG Yulin;LUO Shuangyan;ZHAO Yaxian;CHEN Xingyu;LIU Pengyan;L I Yuanyuan;QIN Zhanfen(School of Eco-Environment,Hebei University,Baoding 071002,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese A cademy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;Institute of Environmental Reference Materials,Environmental Development Center of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100029,China;Ministry of Ecology and Environment Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollutant Metrology and Reference Materials,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]河北大学生态环境系,保定071002 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境化学与生态毒理学国家重点实验室,北京100085 [3]生态环境部环境发展中心环境标准样品研究所,北京100029 [4]生态环境部污染物计量和标准样品研究重点实验室,北京100029

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2025年第2期161-170,共10页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(2023YFC3207100);生态环境部污染物计量和标准样品研究重点实验室开放课题(KF202305)。

摘　　要：抗生素制药废水处理工艺不仅决定最终受纳水体和再生水的生态安全,同时也关系着处理过程中生化处理系统的稳定性。本研究综合利用发光细菌试验、抑菌圈试验、活性污泥呼吸抑制试验以及斑马鱼胚胎毒性试验等多种方法,分析某制药企业在生物处理、膜分离、分盐及蒸发等工艺阶段,25个样品的抗生素废水水样的毒性和抑菌活性。我们的结果发现,末端排放废水和再生水未检测到明显的发光细菌毒性、斑马鱼胚胎发育毒性以及抗菌活性,提示不存在明显的生态风险;但是在废水处理过程中,经厌氧和缺氧处理后,进入好氧系统前的水样显著抑制好氧活性污泥的呼吸作用,表明废水可能对好氧生化系统存在潜在的不利影响,需要优化上一级处理工艺。我们的结果可为该企业的废水处理工艺优化提供指导,同时多项毒性测试方法的整合使用也为同类企业废水的毒性和抗性评价提供了方法学的参考。The treatment process for antibiotic pharmaceutical wastewater not only determines the ecological safety of the final effluent and reclaimed water but also is related to the stability of the biochemical treatment system.This study employed the bacterial bioluminescence assay,the zone of inhibition test,the activated sludge oxygen uptake inhibition test and zebrafish embryo toxicity test to evaluate the toxicity and antibacterial activity of 25 samples from an antibiotic pharmaceutical factory,in the process of biological treatment,membrane separation,salt separation and evaporation for wastewater.We found that the final effluent and the reclaimed water did not exert significant toxicities in the bacterial bioluminescence assay and zebrafish embryo toxicity test and the antibacterial activity,suggesting limited ecological risk.However,the water samples after anaerobic and anoxic treatments and before entering the aerobic system inhibited the respiration of aerobic activated sludge,indicating potential adverse effects on the aerobic biochemical system and the need to optimize the upper treatment process.Our results can provide a guidance for the optimization of the wastewater treatment process of this factory.Meanwhile,the integrated use of several toxicity test methods provides a methodological reference for the toxicity and resistance evaluation of wastewater in the same type of factories.

关 键 词：制药废水 抗生素 斑马鱼胚胎毒性 活性污泥呼吸抑制 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]