汉江中下游大型底栖动物群落特征及生物完整性评价  

Community Structure of Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Biological I ntegrity Assessment in the Middle-Lower Hanjiang River

作　　者：常诗麒 丁森[1] 于明乔 李殿伟[2] 张承志 尚光霞 CHANG Shiqi;DING Sen;YU Mingqiao;LI Dianwei;ZHANG Chengzhi;SHANG Guangxia(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;College of Life Science and Technology,Mudanjiang Normal University,Mudanjiang 157011,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [2]牡丹江师范学院生命科学与技术学院,牡丹江157011

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2025年第2期249-260,共12页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(42107507);重点研发项目(2021YFC3201003)。

摘　　要：丹江口水库是南水北调中线工程的重要水源地。为探究丹江口水库至汉口的汉江中下游段水生态系统健康状况,本文分别于2022年7月和2023年4月对汉江中下游15个点位开展大型底栖动物调查,共采集3门7纲17目33科66个分类单元的大型底栖动物,其中4月采集48个分类单元,7月采集47个分类单元,2个季节均以昆虫纲种类为主。4月中游段和下游段优势种差异较大,而7月两段优势种差异较小。以4月数据集构建大型底栖动物完整性指数(B-IBI),筛选出Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、水生昆虫分类单元数、BI指数、BMWP指数4个核心参数。7月数据筛选出Shannon-Wiener指数、BI指数、总分类单元数、优势分类单元个体数百分比、敏感类群分类单元数5个核心参数。非参数检验发现汉江中下游B-IBI季节差异不显著,但存在显著的空间差异,中游整体为“亚健康”等级,而下游段整体为“一般”等级,这可能与下游人为干扰导致氮、磷等营养盐浓度升高和底质以泥沙为主有关。多元线性回归分析发现7月水质数据对B-IBI的影响不大,这可能与7月丰水期水量大有关。4月B-IBI与营养盐浓度显著相关,这可能与农业面源污染和梯级电站有关。研究结果为汉江水生态系统健康的恢复与管理提供了科学依据。The Danjiangkou Reservoir is a crucial water source for the Middle Route Project of the South-to-North Water Diversion.In order to explore the health status of the aquatic ecosystem in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River from the Danjiangkou Reservoir to Hankou,this paper conducted investigations on macroinvertebrates at 15 sites in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River in July 2022 and April 2023 respectively.A total of 66 taxa of macroinvertebrates belonging to 3 phyla,7 classes,17 orders,and 33 families were collected.Among them,48 taxa were collected in April and 47 taxa were collected in July.Insecta species were dominant in both seasons.In April,there were significant differences in dominant species between the middle and lower reaches,while in July,the differences in dominant species between the two reaches were relatively small.Using the dataset from April to construct the Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity(B-IBI),four core parameters were screened out,namely the Shannon-Wiener diversity index,the number of aquatic insect taxa,the BI index,and the BMWP index.From the data in July,five core parameters were screened out,including the Shannon-Wiener index,the BI index,the total number of taxa,the percentage of individuals in dominant taxa,and the number of taxa in sensitive groups.Non-parametric tests revealed that there was no significant seasonal difference in B-IBI in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River,but there were significant spatial differences.Overall,the middle reach was at the“sub-healthy”level,while the lower reach was at the“fair”level,which might be related to the increase in n utrient concentrations such as nitrogen and phosphorus caused by human disturbances in the lower reach and the dominance of sediment in the substrate.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the water quality data in J uly had little impact on B-IBI,which might be related to the large water volume during the flood season in July.In April,B-IBI was significantly cor

关 键 词：大型底栖动物 生物完整性指数 河流生态系统 健康评价 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]