华南地区小型河流中微塑料的环境分布规律及来源解析  

Environmental Distribution Patterns and Source Analysis of Microplastics in Small Rivers of South China

作　　者：黄振魁 李博闻 卢琦园 刘瑞涓 陈思帆 付宏煜 厉钟文 王俊丽[1] 郑晶 HUANG Zhenkui;LI Bowen;LU Qiyuan;LIU Ruijuan;CHEN Sifan;FU Hongyu;L I Zhongwen;WANG Junli;ZHENG Jing(School of Public Health,The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control,Ministry of0x0E䥺Symbol`@@0x0FEducation,Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang 561113,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment,Research Center of Emerging Contaminants,South China Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Guangzhou 510530,China;Department of Environmental Health,School of Public Health,China Medical University,Shenyang 110122,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵阳561113 [2]生态环境部华南环境学研究所新污染物研究中心,国家环境保护环境污染健康风险评价重点实验室,广州510530 [3]中国医科大学公共卫生学院环境卫生系,沈阳110122

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2025年第2期360-374,共15页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(PM-zx703-202406-199);广东省科技计划项目(2023B1212070031)。

摘　　要：微塑料污染已成为全球环境问题,对水生生态系统和人类健康构成潜在风险。城市是微塑料污染产生的核心区域,而城市小型河流是微塑料主要的汇与源。为探究城市小型河流中微塑料污染的现状,应用显微傅里叶变换红外光谱仪鉴定和环境暴露评估等技术手段,揭示微塑料在城市小型河流枯水季的赋存特征及环境暴露风险。结果表明,表层水微塑料总体丰度为1.40~14.27 n·L^(-1),平均丰度为(4.93±3.53)n·L^(-1)。沉积物中微塑料丰度为0.07~3.12 n·g^(-1)(以干质量计),平均丰度为(0.69±0.86)n·g^(-1)(以干质量计)。微塑料在城市小型河流中的分布广泛且不均匀,来源主要有工业源、农业源、生活源和养殖业,尤其以工业区和养殖业密集区域的浓度最高。表层水和沉积物中检测到的微塑料主要成分是聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。小粒径(0.1~<1 mm)、白色的碎片和纤维是表层水和沉积物中微塑料的主要特征。通过结合微塑料的丰度和聚合物类型,综合评估城市小型河流微塑料的环境暴露风险,污染负荷指数(PLI)和聚合物指数(H)在表层水中分别为8.37~26.71和3~1238.22,在沉积物中分别为7.30~21.10和3.52~1316.48。大多数采样点位的风险等级为Ⅱ级或Ⅲ级,少数采样点位的风险等级达到Ⅳ级。该研究结果丰富了城市水体中微塑料污染特征,可为微塑料环境暴露风险管理和科学应对提供科学依据。Microplastic pollution has become a global environmental issue,posing potential risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health.Urban areas are cores of microplastic pollution generation,with small urban rivers serving as both major sinks and sources.This study aims to investigate microplastic pollution in small urban rivers using techniques including micro-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and environmental exposure assessment,r evealing characteristics and environmental exposure risks of microplastics during the dry season.The results showed that the overall abundance of microplastics in surface water ranges from 1.40 n·L^(-1)to 14.27 n·L^(-1),with an average abundance of(4.93±3.53)n·L^(-1).The abundance of microplastics in sediment ranges from 0.07 to 3.12 n·g^(-1)(dry weight),with an average abundance of(0.69±0.86)n·g^(-1)(dry weight).The distribution of microplastics in small urban rivers is widespread and uneven,with sources primarily including industrial,agricultural,domestic,and aquacultural origins.Notably,the highest concentrations were found in areas with dense industrial and aquacultural activities.The main components of microplastics detected in both surface water and sediments were polyethylene(PE),polypropylene(PP),and polyethylene terephthalate(PET).Small particles(0.1~<1 mm),white fragments,and fibers were the predominant characteristics of microplastics in surface water and sediments.By combining the abundance and polymer types of microplastics,a comprehensive assessment of environmental exposure risks of m icroplastics in small urban rivers was conducted.Pollution load index(PLI)and polymer index(H)in surface w ater ranged from 8.37 to 26.71 and 3 to 1238.22,respectively,while in sediments,they ranged from 7.30 to 21.10 and 3.52 to 1316.48,respectively.Most sampling sites were classified as risk levelⅡorⅢ,with a few sites r eaching levelⅣ.The results of this study enrich understanding of microplastic pollution characteristics in urban water bodies and provide a scientific basis

关 键 词：微塑料 显微傅里叶变换红外 污染特征 城市小型河流 来源解析 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]