氧化铜纳米颗粒在砷镉联合胁迫下对水稻发芽和幼苗生长的影响  

Impact of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles on Rice Seed Germination and Seedling Growth under the Combined-stress of Arsenic and Cadmium

作　　者：苏家仪 阎星宇 许文成 王嘉伟 张超 梁志军 刘静 SU Jiayi;YAN Xingyu;XU Wencheng;WANG Jiawei;ZHANG Chao;LIANG Zhijun;LIU Jing(Environment Research Institute,Shandong University,Qingdao 266237,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Shandong University,Qingdao 266237,China;School of Life Sciences,Shandong University,Qingdao 266237,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学环境研究院,青岛266237 [2]山东大学环境科学与工程学院,青岛266237 [3]山东大学生命科学学院,青岛266237

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2025年第2期385-395,共11页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(42207325);山东省自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(ZR2021QD019)。

摘　　要：农田土壤砷(As)和镉(Cd)污染日益严重,对农业生态环境和人体健康构成了严重威胁。稻米是全球超过50%人口的主食来源,是As和Cd经饮食对人体产生慢性暴露的主要途径。氧化铜纳米颗粒(nCuO)具有稳定性好、吸附性强等特点,同时可为植物提供必需营养元素Cu,具有广泛的应用前景。然而,nCuO在As和Cd共同暴露下的环境行为并不明确,对水稻发芽与生长的影响也不清晰。本研究以As-Cd复合污染土壤为介质进行水稻发芽和幼苗生长实验,引入10、50、100、500 mg·L^(-1)的nCuO溶液,同时以Cu含量相当的CuCl_(2)·2H_(2)O溶液作对比,探究水稻生长体系中nCuO、As与Cd的环境行为和相互作用,明确nCuO对As和Cd联合胁迫下水稻生长的影响。结果显示,nCuO在一定浓度下(50~100 mg·L^(-1))可促进稻苗生长,并通过改变水稻根部酶活性及调控相关基因表达来降低对As和Cd的吸收及其从根部向苗部的转运,从而缓解As与Cd对水稻的毒性效应。本研究表明,适当浓度的nCuO在缓解稻田As-Cd复合污染方面具有较好潜力,为实现农业可持续发展提供了科学依据。Heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils by arsenic(As)and cadmium(Cd)is elevating,posing a serious threat to agricultural production and human health.Rice is the staple food for more than 50%of the global population,providing the main pathway for chronic exposure to As and Cd via the diet and poses a health risk to humans.Copper oxide nanoparticles(nCuO)are characterized by good stability and high adsorption capacity,and can provide essential nutrients for plants.Thus,nCuO has a wide range of potential applications in agriculture.However,the environmental behavior of nCuO with the co-exposure of As and Cd is ot clear;the effect of nCuO on rice germination and seedling growth has been rarely explored.In this study,soil co-contaminated with As and Cd was used to germinate rice seeds and cultivate rice seedlings,and nCuO was introduced to the growing media at different concentrations of 10,50,100,500 mg·L^(-1),respectively,with CuCl_(2)·2H_(2)O as a comparison containing the equivalent amount of Cu.This study aimed to explore the environmental behaviors of nCuO,As and Cd and their interactions in the rice growing system and reveal the effects of nCuO on mitigating the toxicity of Cd and As to rice.Results showed that nCuO at a certain concentration(50~100 mg·L^(-1))could promote the growth of rice seedlings,and reduce the absorption and enrichment of As and Cd in rice roots and their transportation from roots to seedlings by changing the enzyme activity of rice roots and inhibiting the expression of genes related to the absorption of As and Cd,and thus alleviating the toxicity of As and Cd to rice.This study indicates that nCuO at appropriate concentrations has significant potential in mitigating As-Cd pollution in rice paddies,providing a scientific basis for achieving sustainable agricultural development.

关 键 词：纳米颗粒 重金属 水稻 植物毒性 复合污染 生物有效性 抗性 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]