2023年绵阳市中小学生野生菌中毒知识健康教育效果评估及影响因素分析  

Evaluation of health education effect and influencing factors of wild mushroom poisoning knowledge among primary and secondary school students in Mianyang City 2023

作　　者：文献英[1] 刘颜[1] 杨岳峰 何玲玲[1] 孙宏英[1] 谢洪委 WEN Xianying;LIU Yan;YANG Yuefeng;HE Lingling;SUN Hongying;XIE Hongwei(Mianyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Mianyang 621000,Sichuan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]绵阳市疾病预防控制中心,四川绵阳621000

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2025年第4期528-535,共8页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

基　　金：绵阳市卫健委立项课题(项目编号:2020059)。

摘　　要：目的了解绵阳市中小学生野生菌中毒相关知识知晓情况并分析其影响因素,评估健康教育干预效果,为有针对性制定野生菌中毒健康教育干预策略提供依据。方法2023年8至11月对绵阳市中小学生开展了野生菌中毒相关知识健康教育,并采用多阶段抽样方法在绵阳市9个县(市、区)随机抽取3个乡镇采用方便抽样选择小学、初中、高中各1所进行干预前后问卷调查。使用EpiData建立数据库,使用SPSS 17.0软件对数据进行分析处理,定性资料采用率或构成比进行描述,组间比较采用卡方检验,多因素分析采用二元Logistic回归。检验水准α=0.05。结果共调查野生菌中毒相关知识17道题,干预前平均得分为(4.52±2.61),总知晓率为26.57%;干预后平均得分为(10.80±3.30),总知晓率为62.04%;干预后中小学生野生菌中毒识别知识、中毒知识、急救知识知晓率均高于干预前,分别由34.37%、18.93%和25.32%提高到66.66%、58.67和56.42%。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,干预前高中生、毒蘑菇知识宣传是必要、通过健康教育获取相关知识的学生得分更高;干预后初高中生、不食用野生菌、了解危害后不再食用、毒蘑菇知识宣传是必要的学生得分更高。多重应答分析结果显示,广播/电视、健康教育讲座、报刊/期刊杂志是中小学生获取野生菌相关知识的主要途径,报刊/期刊杂志、健康教育讲座、广播/电视是希望获取途径。结论以健康教育为主的综合干预手段,能够显著提高中小学生野生菌中毒相关知识知晓率,但仍有部分知识知晓率不高,应根据不同学段、接受能力、信息需求等开展多种形式的健康教育和健康促进,不断提高和强化学生和家长对野生菌的认知和警惕,有效预防控制野生菌中毒事件的发生。Objective To understand the knowledge of wild mushroom poisoning among primary and secondary school students in Mianyang City,and to analyze its influencing factors,to evaluate the effect of health education intervention,and to provide the basis for formulating health education intervention strategies for wild mushroom poisoning.Methods A multi-stage sampling method was adopted to select 3 townships randomly from 9 counties(cities and districts)in the city,1 primary school,1 middle school and 1 high school were selected by convenience sampling in the included towns.Epidata was used to establish the database,SPSS 17.0 was used for data analysis and processing,qualitative data adoption rate or component ratio[n(%)]was described,Chi-square test was used for inter-group comparison,and binary logistic regression was used for multi-factor analysis.The test levelα=0.05.Results A total of 17 questions related to wild bacteria poisoning were investigated.The average score before intervention was(4.52±2.61),and the rate of total awareness was 26.57%.The average score after intervention was(10.80±3.30),and the total awareness rate was 62.04%.After intervention,the recognition knowledge,poisoning knowledge and first aid knowledge of primary and secondary school students were higher than that of before intervention,increasing from 34.37%,18.93%and 25.32%to 66.66%,58.67 and 56.42%,respectively.The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that before intervention,it was necessary for high school students,to publicize poisonous mushroom knowledge,and students who acquired relevant knowledge through health education scored higher before intervention.After the intervention,the students who did not eat wild fungi,did not eat them after understanding the harm,and the students who knew the knowledge of poisonous mushrooms was necessary scored higher.The results of multiple response analysis showed that radio/television,health education lectures,newspapers/periodicals were the main ways for primary and secondary school

关 键 词：野生菌 中小学生 健康教育 干预 效果评价 影响因素 

分 类 号：R155.3[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]