不同粗饲料来源饲粮对早期断奶牦牛犊牛脾脏和胸腺发育的转录组学分析  

Transcriptomic Analysis of Spleen and Thymus Development in Early Weaned Yak Calves Fed Diets with Different Roughage Sources

作　　者：徐玉麟 薛国良 安乐乐 周亚楠 刘书杰[1] 崔占鸿[1] XU Yulin;XUE Guoliang;AN Lele;ZHOU Ya’nan;LIU Shujie;CUI Zhanhong(Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province,Yak Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Forage-Feed of Grazing Yak and Tibetan Sheep in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences in Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,农业农村部青藏高原放牧牦牛藏羊动物营养与饲草料重点实验室,青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室,西宁810016

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2025年第4期2466-2488,共23页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32260853);青海省帅才科学家负责制项目(2023-NK-147)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在基于转录组学探究不同粗饲料来源饲粮对早期断奶牦牛犊牛胸腺和脾脏免疫功能的影响。选取遗传背景、日龄(45日龄左右)和体重[(36.47±0.99)kg]相近且健康的21头大通牦牛犊牛(公)作为试验动物,随机分为3组,每组7头牛。苜蓿干草组(AH组)饲喂代乳粉+开食料+苜蓿干草;燕麦干草组(OH组)饲喂代乳粉+开食料+燕麦干草;混合饲喂组(AO组)饲喂代乳粉+开食料+苜蓿干草+燕麦干草,苜蓿干草和燕麦干草1∶1混合。3组代乳粉饲喂量以及开食料+干草的干物质采食量相同,开食料:粗饲料为3∶7。预试期21 d,正试期120 d。结果表明:1)与AH组和OH组相比,AO组终末体重显著升高(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P<0.05)。2)经转录组学分析可知,相较于AH组和OH组,AO组主要通过上调ABC转运蛋白通路和下调细胞外基质-受体相互作用通路来促进脾脏的免疫能力。3)相较于AH组,AO组上调了抗原处理和呈递及视黄醇代谢通路,下调了细胞外基质-受体相互作用通路,提高了胸腺的免疫功能。相较于OH组,AO组上调了抗原处理和呈递及叶酸的生物合成通路,下调了过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体信号传导途径,提高了胸腺的免疫功能。4)牦牛犊牛胸腺和脾脏组织实时荧光定量PCR结果与测序结果一致,表明测序结果准确。综上所述,相较于单一饲喂苜蓿干草和燕麦干草,二者混合饲喂能提高牦牛犊牛的生长性能;同时,二者混合饲喂提高了脾脏和胸腺的免疫功能,进而提高了犊牛的免疫能力。This experiment was aimed to investigate the effects of diets with different roughage sources on immune functions of thymus and spleen in early weaned yak calves.Twenty-one healthy male Datong yak calves with similar genetic backgrounds,days of age(45 days of age)and body weight[(36.47±0.99)kg]were selected as experimental animals,and randomly divided into three groups with seven calves in each group.The alfalfa hay group(AH group)was fed the milk replacer+starter+alfalfa hay;the oat hay group(OH group)was fed the milk replacer+starter+oat hay;the mixed feeding group(AO group)was fed the milk replacer+starter+alfalfa hay+oat hay,and the alfalfa hay and oat hay were 1:1 mixed.The milk replacer feeding amount and the starter+dry hay day matter intake were the same in three groups,with a ratio of 3:7 of starter:roughage.The pre-trial period lasted for 21 days,followed by a formal trial period of 120 days.The results showed as follows:1)compared with the AH and OH groups,the final body weight of AO group was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the feed to gain ratio was significantly decreased(P<0.05).2)The transcriptomic analysis revealed that compared with the AH and OH groups,the AO group primarily enhanced the spleen immune function by up-regulated the ABC transporter pathway and down-regulated the extracellular matrix-receptor interaction pathway.3)Compared with the AH group,the AO group enhanced the thymus immune function by up-regulated the antigen processing and presentation pathways,and down-regulated the extracellular matrix-receptor interaction pathway.Compared with the OH group,the AO group enhanced the thymus immune function up-regulated the antigen processing and presentation pathways and folate biosynthesis,and down-regulated the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway.4)The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR results of thymus and spleen tissues were consistent with the sequencing data,confirming the accuracy of the sequencing results.In conclusion,compare with single feeding

关 键 词：牦牛犊牛 苜蓿干草 燕麦干草 胸腺 脾脏 转录组学 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]