不同种植密度及施肥方式对紫山药产量与效益的影响  

Effects of Different Planting Density and Fertilization Methods on Yield and Benefit of Purple Yam

作　　者：徐元柳 杨国良 李益 杨家伟 杨超 XU Yuanliu;YANG Guoliang;LI Yi;YANG Jiawei;YANG Chao(Xingyi Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Xingyi Guizhou 562400,China;Guizhou Jifeng Seed Industry Limited Liability Company,Xingyi Guizhou 562400,China)

机构地区：[1]兴义市农业技术推广中心,贵州兴义562400 [2]贵州吉丰种业有限责任公司,贵州兴义562400

出　　处：《耕作与栽培》2025年第3期29-32,共4页Tillage and Cultivation

基　　金：紫山药浅土高产高效栽培技术研究(黔科合支撑〔2023〕一般023)。

摘　　要：为了研究不同种植密度及施肥方式对紫山药产量的影响,设置了4个不同密度水平(4632、3369、2647、2180株/667 m^(2)),对应的产量分别为3190.86、3140.48、2085.80、1830.86 kg/667 m^(2),种植密度4632株/667 m^(2)与种植密度3369株/667 m^(2)间无显著差异,综合考虑投入成本及管理难易等,确定兴义地区紫山药种植最佳密度为3369株/667 m^(2)。就施肥方式而言,不施肥(B_(1))、常规施肥(B_(2))、在上蔓期、茎叶生长期、块茎生长期3个时期分别一次性施入复合肥(B_(3))、在上蔓期、茎叶生长期、块茎生长期3个时期分别一次性施入复合肥并使用冲沃腐殖酸水溶肥料5 kg/667 m^(2)灌根(B_(4))、在上蔓期、茎叶生长期、块茎生长期每个时期分3次施入复合肥(B_(5)),对应的产量分别为1905.30、2247.25、3057.01、3112.46、2890.23 kg/667 m^(2),B_(4)处理产量最高,较B_(1)处理增产1207.16 kg/667 m^(2),较B_(2)增产865.21 kg/667 m^(2),表明在种植密度一定、不同时期施肥总量相等的条件下,上蔓期施用高氮复合肥,茎叶旺盛期追施平衡肥,块茎膨大期追施高钾复合肥,并在3个重要时期使用腐殖酸水溶肥料灌根,能够获得更高的产量。In order to study the effects of different planting density and fertilization methods on the yield of purple yam.Four density levels(4632,3369,2647,2180 plant/667 m^(2))were set and the corresponding yield was 3190.86 kg/667 m^(2),3140.48 kg/667 m^(2),2085.80 kg/667 m^(2) and 1830.86 kg/667 m^(2) respectively.There was no significant difference between 4632 plant/667 m^(2) and 3369 plant/667 m^(2),considering the input cost and management difficulty,etc.The optimum planting density of purple yam was 3369 plant/667 m^(2).Regarding fertilization methods,the treatments included no fertilization(B_(1)),conventional fertilization(B_(2)),one-time application of compound fertilizer at each of the three growth stages-vine elongation,foliage growth and tuber bulking(B_(3)),one-time application of compound fertilizer at the same three stages combined with 5 kg/667 m^(2) of Chongwo humic acid water-soluble fertilizer for root irrigation(B_(4))and split application of compound fertilizer in three doses at each of the three growth stages(B_(5)).The corresponding yields were 1905.30,2247.25,3057.01,3112.46 and 2890.23 kg/667 m^(2),respectively.The B_(4) treatment achieved the highest yield,increasing by 1207.16 kg/667 m^(2) compared to B_(1) and by 865.21 kg/667 m^(2) compared to B_(2).Indicating that under the conditions of constant planting density and equal total fertilization in different periods,high-nitrogen compound fertilizer was applied in the upper growing stage,balanced fertilizer was applied in the flourishing stage of stems and leaves and high-potassium compound fertilizer was applied in the expanding stage of tubers.Higher yield can be obtained by using humic acid water soluble fertilizer in three important periods.

关 键 词：紫山药 密度 施肥 产量 效益 

分 类 号：S632.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]