甘肃省平凉市3200名6~11岁儿童注意缺陷多动障碍患病率调查分析  

Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among 3200 children aged 6−11 years in Pingliang,Gansu province

作　　者：赵久红 杨晓慧 马娟娟 ZHAO Jiuhong;YANG Xiaohui;MA Juanjuan(Jingning Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Jingning 744300,Gansu Province,China;Pingliang Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Pingliang 744000,Gansu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]静宁县妇幼保健院,甘肃静宁744300 [2]平凉市妇幼保健院,甘肃平凉744000

出　　处：《中国妇幼卫生杂志》2025年第2期156-160,共5页Chinese Journal of Women and Children Health

基　　金：2021年甘肃省科技厅民生科技专项-社会发展专题项目(21CX6FL262)。

摘　　要：目的 对甘肃省平凉市6~11岁学龄期儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperac-tivity disorder,ADHD)的患病情况进行调查分析,为有效预防和治疗学龄期儿童ADHD提供科学依据。方法 采用分层多阶段整群抽样方法,以注意缺陷多动障碍筛查量表(父母版)为调查工具,对甘肃省平凉市(崆峒区、静宁、庄浪、华亭、灵台、泾川、崇信)7个地市共3 200名6~11岁在读学生的ADHD患病情况进行筛查。最终依据美国精神病学会《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》(第四版)中ADHD诊断标准和专业儿童精神科医师诊断意见作出诊断。结果 甘肃省平凉市学龄期儿童ADHD总患病率为4.84%,对不同性别、年龄、年级、父母文化程度、家庭经济收入、教养方式、家庭关系和谐与否、学习困难与否的儿童ADHD患病率进行比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0.001)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,男孩、6~8岁、父母亲文化程度为初中及以下、家庭年经济收入<5万元、教养方式以训斥为主、家庭关系不和谐,以及学习困难均为平凉市6~11岁儿童ADHD患病的影响因素(均P <0.05)。结论 甘肃省平凉市6~11岁儿童ADHD患病率处于国内中等水平,应健全ADHD儿童的家-校-医三级防治体系,加强对家长和老师的ADHD健康科普知识宣教,提高其早期识别和诊断ADHD的水平,以促进儿童身心健康发展。Objective To investigate the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)among children aged 6-11 years in Pingliang,Gansu province,so as to provide evidence for effective prevention and treatment of children with ADHD.Methods Stratified multi-stage cluster samples was used to recruit 3200 students aged 6-11 years in Pingliang(Kongtong,Jingning,Zhuanglang,Huating,Lingtai,Jingchuan and Chongxin districts)as study subjects.Swanson,Nolan and Pelham-IV rating scales was used as investigation tool.The diagnosis was made based on the criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,4th Edition(DSM-IV)and advice from professional psychiatric pediatricians.Results The prevalence of ADHD was 4.84%among children in Pingliang,Gansu province.They were different among children with various gender,age,grade,parents’educational level,family income,parenting style,family relationship and having learning difficulties or not(all P<0.001).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male gender,6-8 years of age,father’s and mother’s education level being junior high school or below,family economic income less than 50000 yuan RMB,parenting style being mainly reprimanding,poor family relationship and having learning difficulties were factors associated with ADHD in children aged 6-11 years in Pingliang(all P<0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of ADHD among children aged 6-11 years in Pingliang,Gansu province is at a medium level in China.Health education of ADHD focusing on parents and teachers should be strengthened,to improve early identification and diagnosis of ADHD and promote physical and mental health development of children.

关 键 词：注意缺陷多动障碍 患病率 儿童 平凉市 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]