Exosomes in neurodegenerative diseases:Therapeutic potential and modification methods  

作　　者：Hongli Chen Na Li Yuanhao Cai Chunyan Ma Yutong Ye Xinyu Shi Jun Guo Zhibo Han Yi Liu Xunbin Wei 

机构地区：[1]Institute of Biomedical Engineering,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Tianjin,China [2]State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane and Membrane Process&Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Detection Technology and Systems,School of Life Sciences,Tiangong University,Tianjin,China [3]School of Intelligent Information Engineering,Medicine&Technology College of Zunyi Medical University,Zunyi,Guizhou Province,China [4]Tianjin Key Laboratory of Engineering Technologies for Cell Pharmaceuticals,National Engineering Research Center of Cell Products,AmCellGene Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin,China [5]Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research(Ministry of Education/Beijing),Cancer Hospital&Institute,International Cancer Institute,Institute of Medical Technology,Peking University Health Science Center,Department of Biomedical Engineering,Peking University,Beijing,China

出　　处：《Neural Regeneration Research》2026年第2期478-490,共13页中国神经再生研究(英文版)

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.22103055(to JG);the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,No.F2024110001(to HC);and Open Project of Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Detection Technology and System,Nos.2024LODTS215(to NL),2024LODTS216(to XS).

摘　　要：In recent years,exosomes have garnered extensive attention as therapeutic agents and early diagnostic markers in neurodegenerative disease research.Exosomes are small and can effectively cross the blood-brain barrier,allowing them to target deep brain lesions.Recent studies have demonstrated that exosomes derived from different cell types may exert therapeutic effects by regulating the expression of various inflammatory cytokines,mRNAs,and disease-related proteins,thereby halting the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and exhibiting beneficial effects.However,exosomes are composed of lipid bilayer membranes and lack the ability to recognize specific target cells.This limitation can lead to side effects and toxicity when they interact with non-specific cells.Growing evidence suggests that surface-modified exosomes have enhanced targeting capabilities and can be used as targeted drug-delivery vehicles that show promising results in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.In this review,we provide an up-to-date overview of existing research aimed at devising approaches to modify exosomes and elucidating their therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases.Our findings indicate that exosomes can efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier to facilitate drug delivery and can also serve as early diagnostic markers for neurodegenerative diseases.We introduce the strategies being used to enhance exosome targeting,including genetic engineering,chemical modifications(both covalent,such as click chemistry and metabolic engineering,and non-covalent,such as polyvalent electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions,ligand-receptor binding,aptamer-based modifications,and the incorporation of CP05-anchored peptides),and nanomaterial modifications.Research into these strategies has confirmed that exosomes have significant therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases.However,several challenges remain in the clinical application of exosomes.Improvements are needed in preparation,characterization,and optimization m

关 键 词：Alzheimer’s disease cell recognition central nervous system diseases enhanced targeting exosome modification exosome targeting neurodegenerative disease Parkinson’s disease stem cell exosomes stem cell therapy 

分 类 号：R741[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]