论董仲舒不以五行推阴阳、言灾异  

On Dong Zhongshu without Using the Five Elements to Infer Yin and Yang and Explain Disasters and Anomalies

作　　者：王泽春 WANG Zechun(Department of Philosophy,Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120,China)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学哲学系,重庆401120

出　　处：《河北大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第3期149-160,共12页Journal of Hebei University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“近代哲学家对中国学术思想的脉络梳理与当代启示”(21&BZD053);西南政法大学2019年校级科研资助项目(2019XZQN-13)。

摘　　要：很多学者认为董仲舒既有阴阳思想,也有五行思想,并且认为董仲舒以五行推阴阳、解释灾异。《汉书·五行志》中的董仲舒“始推阴阳”的完整表述是“推阴阳言灾异”,就是用阴阳理论解释灾异的产生,而不是以五行推阴阳。根据可靠的董仲舒文献,在董仲舒的思想中,阴阳是他论述刑徳、君臣、四时、灾异的理论基础;而“五行”二字则是受流行观念的影响偶然提到一次,不能因此就认为他有五行思想。当然,董仲舒更没有把阴阳与五行结合起来。虽然,董仲舒的灾异著述主要收录在《汉书·五行志》,但是,董仲舒解释灾异的理论并不是五行,而是“原天意”和“推阴阳”。Many scholars believe that Dong Zhongshu has both Yin and Yang thoughts and Five Elements thoughts,and believe that Dong Zhongshu uses the Five Elements to infer Yin and Yang and explain disasters.The complete statement of Dong Zhongshus“beginning to infer Yin and Yang”in“Hanshu:Five Elements”is“inferring Yin and Yang to explain disasters and anomalies”,which means using the theory of Yin and Yang to explain the occurrence of disasters and anomalies,rather than using Five Elements to infer Yin and Yang.According to Dong Zhongshus documents that have not been falsified,in Dong Zhongshus thoughts,Yin and Yang are the theoretical basis for his discussion of punishments and virtues,monarchs and ministers,the four seasons,and disasters;while the words“Five Elements”are mentioned accidentally due to the influence of popular concepts,and this cannot be considered that he has Five Elements thoughts.Of course,Dong Zhongshu did not combine Yin and Yang with the Five Elements.Although Dong Zhongshus writings on disasters and anomalies are mainly collected in“Hanshu:Five Elements”,Dong Zhongshus theory of explaining disasters and anomalies is not the Five Elements,but the“original providence”and the“inference of Yin and Yang”.

关 键 词：董仲舒 阴阳 五行 灾异 

分 类 号：B234.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学]