工业机器人如何影响产业链中间品环节自立自强——基于出口技术含量视角的经验证据  

How Industrial Robots Affect Self-reliance of Intermediate Goods Production in Industrial Chains——Empirical Evidence from the Perspective of Export Technological Sophistication

作　　者：陈晓华[1] 杜文 解美琪 CHEN Xiaohua;DU Wen;XIE Meiqi

机构地区：[1]浙江理工大学经济管理学院

出　　处：《国际贸易问题》2025年第4期20-36,共17页Journal of International Trade

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学规划重大项目“制造业中间品瘸腿型技术赶超与经济高质量增长:演进机理、约束机制与优化路径”(24QNYC11ZD);教育部人文社会科学基金项目“双维资源错配约束下中国制造业技术蛙跳的演进机理与优化路径研究”(22YJC790016);浙江省高校重大人文社科项目攻关计划项目“数字资源环节偏好与产业链高技术关键环节非自主可控:作用机理与优化路径”(2024GH078)。

摘　　要：本文检验了工业机器人对产业链中间品环节自立自强的影响效应和作用渠道,并进一步分析了工业机器人对产业链中间品上下游环节韧性的作用机制。研究结果表明:工业机器人有助于产业链中间品出口技术含量提升,从而增强产业链中间品环节自立自强水平;工业机器人不仅有助于先发国巩固既有技术优势,还有助于后发国突破既有技术劣势,更是各国赢得未来竞争优势的重要工具;工业机器人通过推动产业结构升级,提升经济运行效率,优化制造业生产环节、提升技术赶超主动性四个渠道显著促进产业链中间品环节自立自强;工业机器人会降低产业链中间品上游环节韧性,提高产业链中间品下游环节韧性。本文认为在大力应用工业机器人的同时,需积极克服工业机器人应用给产业链中间品上游环节韧性带来的不利冲击,以更好地发挥工业机器人在产业链中间品环节的自立自强功能。This study examines the impact and mechanisms of industrial robots on self-reliance in intermediate goods production and further analyzes their effect on the resilience of upstream and downstream segments in the industrial chain.The findings reveal:industrial robots contribute to higher technological sophistication in intermediate goods exports,thereby enhancing self-reliance in production.Industrial robots not only help technologically advanced nations consolidate their existing advantages,but also enable latecomers to overcome technological disadvantages,serving as a critical tool for gaining future competitive edges.Industrial robots significantly promote self-reliance through four channels:upgrading industrial structures,improving economic efficiency,optimizing manufacturing processes,and enhancing proactive technological catch-up efforts.Industrial robots reduce resilience in upstream intermediate goods production,and increase resilience in downstream segments.The study suggests that while vigorously adopting industrial robots,policymakers must mitigate their adverse effects on upstream resilience to fully leverage their role in fostering self-reliance in intermediate goods production.

关 键 词：工业机器人 产业链中间品 出口技术含量 自立自强 

分 类 号：F424[经济管理—产业经济]