基于RWEQ模型的内蒙古阿拉善防风固沙功能及其影响因子研究  

Research on the Windbreak and Sand Fixation Function of the Alxa League in Inner Mongolia Based on the RWEQ and its Influencing Factors

作　　者：汤永康 苏力 丁可 常佩静 杨宗英[1,2] 那仁图雅 牛得草[3] 陈国靖 Tang Yongkang;Su Li;Ding Ke;Chang Peijing;Yang Zongying;Na Rentuya;Niu Decao;Chen Guojing(Alxa Meteorological Bureau,Alxa 750300,Inner Mongolia,China;Inner Mongolia Ecological Meteorology Centre of Desert,Hohhot 010051,China;State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China;Alxa League Forestry Grassland and Seedling Workstation,Alxa 750300,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]阿拉善盟气象局,内蒙古阿拉善盟750300 [2]内蒙古自治区荒漠生态气象中心,呼和浩特010051 [3]兰州大学草地农业科技学院草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,兰州730020 [4]阿拉善盟林业和草原种苗工作站,内蒙古阿拉善盟750300

出　　处：《科技通报》2025年第4期101-111,共11页Bulletin of Science and Technology

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2021GG0400);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2020GG0092);内蒙古自治区气象局科研项目(nmqxywpt202413);阿拉善盟科技计划项目(AMYY2021-18)。

摘　　要：通过遥感技术可以高效评估荒漠地的防风固沙治理成效。本文基于修正风蚀方程模型(revised wind erosion equation,RWEQ)和多源数据,分析了1990—2020年阿拉善防风固沙时空变化及影响因子。结果表明:(1)研究期内,阿拉善防风固沙功能经历了衰退期和恢复期,拐点出现在2000年。在经历恢复期后,阿拉善平均防风固沙能力为1373.70×10^(4)t,恢复速度为29.82×10^(4)t/a。年均防风固沙总量虽然与20世纪持平,但恢复速率仅为衰退速率的1/3。阿拉善防风固沙能力由西北向东南递减。2000年以前,以中度和强烈风蚀等级为主,2000年以后,以微度和轻度风蚀为主。研究期内,有超过12×10^(4)km^(2)地区风蚀等级下降为微度、轻度,并且防风固沙能力改善程度由东南向西北递减。(2)阿拉善防风固沙功能主要影响因子中,风力对阿拉善防风固沙影响最主要,贡献率为36.54%,对固沙具有显著的负效应。植被覆盖度、土壤湿度对防风固沙的作用次之,贡献率分别为32.51%、30.95%,可以起到抑制风蚀的作用。土壤可蚀性因子、土壤结皮因子和地表粗糙度因子(K′)虽然变化极缓慢,却能代表一个地区原始的风蚀状态,并决定其未来变化。Through remote sensing technology,the effectiveness of desertification control and sand fixation can be evaluated efficiently.Based on the revised wind erosion equation (RWEQ) model and multi-source data,the spatiotemporal changes and influencing factors of sand fixation in Alxa from 1990 to 2020 were analyzed.The results show that:(1) During the study period,the sand fixation function of Alxa experienced a decline and a recovery phase,with the turning point occurring in 2000.After the recovery phase,the average sand fixation capacity of Alxa was 1 373.70×10^(4)t,with a recovery rate of 29.82×10^(4)t/a.Although the annual total sand fixation volume was equivalent to that of the last century,the recovery rate was only one-third of the decline rate.The sand fixation capacity of Alxa decreases from northwest to southeast.Before 2000,moderate and severe wind erosion levels were predominant,while after 2000,mild and slight wind erosion levels became dominant.During the study period,more than 12×10^(4)km^(2) of areas saw a reduction in wind erosion levels to mild and slight,and the improvement in sand fixation capacity decreased from southeast to northwest.(2) Among the main influencing factors of Alxa's sand fixation function,wind force had the most significant impact on sand fixation in Alxa,with a contribution rate of36.54%,exerting a notable negative effect.Fractional vegetation cover and soil moisture played a secondary role in sand fixation,with contribution rates of 32.51%and 30.95%,respectively,which could suppress wind erosion.Although soil erodibility factor,soil crust factor,and surface roughness factor (K') changed very slowly,they could represent the original wind erosion status of a region and determine its future changes.

关 键 词：防风固沙功能 RWEQ模型 风蚀 影响因子 阿拉善 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学] S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]