人工智能时代科技伦理的专利法回应  

Patent Law Responses to the Ethics of Science and Technology in the Era of Artificial Intelligence

作　　者：刘鑫[1] Liu Xin

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学知识产权研究中心

出　　处：《法商研究》2025年第2期187-200,共14页Studies in Law and Business

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目(23CFX022)。

摘　　要：科学技术的迭代与革新带来诸多科技伦理难题,也使专利法面临相应的伦理挑战。在前人工智能时代,专利法为应对科技伦理挑战,形成了公序良俗原则与伦理审查规则相结合的基础性规范设计。在人工智能时代的新兴科技伦理挑战面前,专利伦理规范不可避免地会出现道德非议超越阐释限度及产业运营制约适用程度的制度失灵问题。从人工智能算法模型到人工智能生成发明,人工智能科技成果的不断涌现使专利法面临着前所未有的科技伦理挑战,既包含专利客体范畴扩张的伦理难题,也涉及专利主体定位突破的伦理困境。专利法不仅要立足人工智能场景对公序良俗原则与伦理审查规则等基础性专利伦理规范展开法律释义,还要进一步聚焦人工智能科技伦理难题,以法律续造的形式,搭建规避人工智能算法模型专利保护中伦理风险、破解人工智能生成发明专利保护中伦理困境的规范体系。The iteration and innovation of science and technology have brought about many scientific and technological ethical problems, and also caused patent law to face corresponding ethical challenges. In the pre-artificial intelligence era, in order to respond to the ethical challenges of science and technology, the patent law formed a basic normative design that combined the principles of public order and good morals and ethical review rules. In the face of emerging scientific and technological ethical challenges in the era of artificial intelligence, patent ethics norms have inevitably experienced institutional failures, which are moral criticism going beyond the limits of normative interpretation and industrial operations restricting the degree of application of norms. From artificial intelligence algorithm models to artificial intelligence generated inventions, the continuous emergence of artificial intelligence scientific and technological achievements has made patent law face unprecedented scientific and technological ethical challenges, including not only the ethical difficulties of the expansion of the scope of patent objects, but also involving the ethical dilemma of the breakthroughs in the positioning of patent subjects. Patent law not only needs to provide a legal interpretation of basic patent ethical norms such as public order and good moral principles and ethical review rules based on the artificial intelligence scenario, but also needs to further focus on the ethical issues of artificial intelligence technology in the form of legal renewal by establishing a normative system to avoid ethical risks in patent protection of artificial intelligence algorithm models and resolve ethical dilemmas in patent protection of artificial intelligence generated inventions.

关 键 词：专利法 科技伦理 人工智能 

分 类 号：D923.42[政治法律—民商法学]