马克思考察货币转化为资本的历史意识与阶级意识  

The History Consciousness and Class Consciousness about Marx Investigating the Transformation of Money into Capital

作　　者：刘敬东[1] Liu Jingdong

机构地区：[1]清华大学马克思主义学院,北京100084

出　　处：《马克思主义理论学科研究》2025年第3期16-26,共11页Studies on Marxist Theory

摘　　要：马克思关于货币转化为资本的历史考察和阶级分析,在其资本理论体系中具有重要地位。马克思从人身奴役关系的地产权力到非人身的货币权力的过渡,考察了社会生产方式从传统向现代过渡的前提条件;从劳动者与生产资料的直接统一到发生分离,劳动力成为商品,资本的产生和自由工人的出现,阐明了资本的诞生史和世界史的秘密和机制;从货币资本循环的基本形式,到资本循环所需要的特定的社会历史条件,阐述了资本家与雇佣工人对立关系的内在秘密。马克思关于劳动力成为商品及货币转化为资本的社会历史条件的考察,体现了自觉的历史意识与批判的阶级意识的内在贯通。Marx's historical investigation and class analysis on the transformation of money into capital reflects his history consciousness and class consciousness about critique of capital and critique of political economy.Marx shows the prerequisites of the transition from the traditional mode of social production to the modern one through the history of the birth of capital and the world's history of the capital,as well as the power based on the personal relations of servitude which is conferred by landed property transition to the impersonal power which is given by money.Marx also shows the historical and world-historical significance about the evolution of the social mode of production from the traditional to the modern through the evolution of the relationship between the laborer and the means of production from directly unitive to separated,the labor power becoming commodities,and the appearance of capital and free laborer.Marx points out the mechanism and historical logic of the antagonistic relationship between capitalists and wage laborer through the basic form of circuit of money capital and the specific social and historical conditions required by capital cycle.The investigation of the historical conditions about the history of the birth of the capitalist production and world's history of the capitalist production reflects Marx's conscious history-world history consciousness and class consciousness.

关 键 词：劳动力成为商品 货币转化为资本 资本 自由工人 历史意识 阶级意识 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]