基于充电需求的电动汽车充电站选址定容优化方法  

A Constant Capacity Optimization Method for EV Charging Station Location Based on Charging Demand

作　　者：李晶晶 田桂林 张永敏 严洁 崔胜胜 LI Jingjing;TIAN Guilin;ZHANG Yongmin;YAN Jie;CUI Shengsheng(State Grid Qinghai Electric Power Company Marketing Service Center,Electric Energy Measurement Equipment Verification and Testing Technology Laboratory,Xining 810000 China)

机构地区：[1]国网青海省电力公司营销服务中心,电能计量设备检定检测技术实验室,青海西宁810000

出　　处：《西华大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第3期47-60,共14页Journal of Xihua University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国网青海省电力公司科技项目资助(52283420000K)。

摘　　要：电动汽车充电站(electric vehicle charging station,EVCS)作为电动汽车(electric vehicle,EV)必须具备的充电基础设施,其性能是否可靠、布局规划是否合理不但关乎投资经营者的利益,还直接影响用户出行是否经济与便利。为平衡投资者经营利益,带给EV用户良好的充电体验并为站内充电桩配置最优的数量和容量,文章针对EVCS最佳数量、容量和站址等展开研究,首先采用蒙特卡罗方法对E V充电需求的时空分布以及不同容量充电桩的平均停车时间和平均充电时长进行预测,然后建立EVCS选址定容的规划模型,并以粒子群优化算法求解模型对EVCS进行选址优化,最后以某城市为例进行仿真实验,得到其最佳充电站选址定容方案,并与遗传算法做对比,验证了所提优化方法的有效性。Under the dual-carbon background,the rapid development of electric vehicle(EV)has well responded to the national energy intention of clean and low-carbon transformation.Electric vehicle char-ging station(EVCS)is a necessary charging infrastructure for EV.Its reliable performance and reasonable layout planning not only affect the interests of investment operators,but also directly affect whether users travel economically and conveniently.Therefore,in order to balance the operating interests of investors,provide EV users with a good charging experience,and configure the optimal number and capacity of char-ging piles in the station,this paper conducted research on the problem of determining the optimal number,capacity and site.Firstly,the Monte Carlo method was used to predict the temporal and spatial distribution of charging demand and the average stopping time and average charging time of charging piles with differ-ent capacities.Then the planning model of location and volume was established,and the particle swarm op-timization algorithm was used to solve the model for location optimization.Finally,taking a city as an ex-ample,the simulation experiment was carried out to obtain the optimal charging station location and capa-city scheme,which verified the effectiveness of the optimization method proposed in this paper.

关 键 词：电动汽车 充电需求预测 充电站 蒙特卡罗 选址定容 粒子群算法 

分 类 号：U491.8[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理] TP18[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]