先秦儒家群体思想建构中的天人关系分析——基于孔孟荀的考察  

Analysis of the Heaven-Human Relationship in the Construction of Pre-Qin Confucian Collective Thought:A Study Based on Confucius,Mencius and Xunzi

作　　者：刁娜 DIAO Na(Institute of Philosophy,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院哲学研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《扬州大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2025年第2期90-101,共12页Journal of Yangzhou University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：中国社会科学院“青启计划”资助项目“荀子群体思想与中华文明的天下观”(2024QQJH031)。

摘　　要：天人关系问题是中国哲学的基本问题,故而学界对它的研究很多。然而,将天人关系问题纳入先秦儒家群体思想建构的视域中进行分析的并不多。孔子、孟子、荀子皆谈天人关系,但侧重点不同。孔子重“天命”,孟子重“天诚”,荀子重“天然”。在孔子的“天命”与人的关系框架中,对人的独立性和主体能动性的觉醒处于“萌发”的状态。孟子的“天诚”是对孔子“天命”之人道的形上依据的进一步发挥。在孟子“天诚”与人的关系框架中,对人的独立性和主体能动性的觉醒处于“生长”的状态。与孔子、孟子有意志的“天命”“天诚”不同,荀子的“天然”发生了质的变化,即变为自然的天。在荀子“天然”与人的关系框架中,对人的独立性和主体能动性的觉醒处于“完成”的状态,即人获得了完全的独立和自觉。孔孟荀对天人关系的分析过程,是探寻群体存在的可能性和合理性依据的过程,对于先秦儒家群体思想建构具有基础性意义。The issue of the relationship between heaven and humanity constitutes a fundamental question in Chinese philosophy,and has consequently attracted extensive scholarly attention.However,few studies have analyzed this relationship from the perspective of group ideology construction in pre-Qin Confucianism.While Confucius,Mencius,and Xunzi all addressed the heaven-humanity relationship,their emphases differed significantly.Confucius focused on the “heavenly mandate”,Mencius on “heavenly sincerity”,and Xunzi on “natural heaven”.Within Confucius framework of the “heavenly mandate”and humanity,the awakening of human independence and subjective agency exists in a “germinating”state.Mencius concept of “heavenly sincerity”further develops the metaphysical foundation of Confucius humanistic “heavenly mandate”,where the awakening of human autonomy reaches a “growing”stage.In contrast to the intentional “heavenly mandate”and “heavenly sincerity”of Confucius and Mencius,Xunzi's “natural heaven”represents a qualitative transformation into a naturalistic conception.Under Xunzi's framework of “natural heaven”and humanity,the awakening of human independence and subjective agency achieves a “completed”state,signifying full human autonomy and self-awareness.This analytical process of the heaven-humanity relationship by Confucius,Mencius,and Xunzi essentially constitutes an exploration of the possibility and rationality of group existence,holding foundational significance for the construction of pre-Qin Confucian group thought.

关 键 词：天命 天诚 天然 人 群体 

分 类 号：B222[哲学宗教—中国哲学]