临床护士参加自杀“守门人”培训的心理过程和培训需求的质性研究  

Qualitative study on psychological process and training needs of clinical nurses participating in suicide gatekeeper training

作　　者：杨晓雨 胡德英 李乐橙 何春燕 热孜婉古丽·热扎克 谭蓉 王佳庆 YANG Xiaoyu;HU Deying;LI Lecheng;HE Chunyan;Reziwanguli Rezak;TAN Rong;WANG Jiaqing(Dept.of Nursing Administration,Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430022,China;Cancer Center,Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430022,China;School of Nursing,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430022,China.)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院护理部,湖北武汉430022 [2]华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院肿瘤中心,湖北武汉430022 [3]华中科技大学同济医学院护理学院,湖北武汉430030

出　　处：《护理学报》2025年第7期22-27,共6页Journal of Nursing(China)

基　　金：中华护理学会基金资助项目(ZHKY202217)。

摘　　要：目的本研究旨在探讨临床护士参加自杀“守门人”培训的心理过程及培训需求,以期为构建系统化、规范化的自杀“守门人”培训方案提供参考。方法采用目的抽样法,选取全程参与自杀“守门人”培训的护士15名作为研究对象,使用现象学质性研究方法,进行面对面和半结构式访谈,使用Colaizzi 7步法对资料进行整理和分析。结果临床护士参加自杀“守门人”培训的心理过程提炼出3个核心主题,分别是:认知转变、情绪情感进阶和意志行为响应。对自杀“守门人”培训的需求提炼出3个核心主题,分别是:自杀沟通技能、安全计划干预、自杀伦理法规。结论自杀“守门人”培训过程中,护士存在沉重、紧张、担忧、压力感和责任感等情绪,经历过患者自杀事件的护士表现出更明显的紧张,多数人表现出较强同理心;培训能够提高护士的自杀预防意识、认知、信心和行为;未来的培训,需增强自杀沟通技能、安全计划干预、自杀伦理法规、护士负性情绪的干预等方面的内容。Objective To explore the psychological processes and training needs of clinical nurses participating in suicide gatekeeper training,and to provide reference for the development of a systematic and standardized suicide gatekeeper training program.Methods Purposive sampling was employed to select 15 nurses who participated in the comprehensive training of suicide gatekeepers as research subjects.Face-to-face,semi-structured interviews were conducted within these participants using a phenomenological qualitative research approach.Results Three core themes were extracted from the psychological processes of clinical nurses participating in suicide gatekeeper training:cognitive change,emotional and affective development,and volitional behavioral response.Three core themes were identified regarding the training needs of suicide gatekeepers:suicide communication skills,safety planning interventions,and ethics and regulations related to suicide.Conclusion Suicide gatekeeper training can enhance nurses’awareness,knowledge,confidence,and behavior regarding suicide prevention.However,nurses experience a range of emotional responses during the training process,highlighting the need for proactive measures to address and mitigate negative emotional experiences.Furthermore,future training programs for clinical nurses serving as suicide gatekeepers should prioritize the development of skills in suicide communication,safety planning interventions,and an understanding of suicide ethics and regulations.

关 键 词：护士 自杀“守门人” 心理过程 培训需求 质性研究 

分 类 号：R471[医药卫生—护理学]