敦煌历日中的传统农业祭礼——以二十四节气为中心  

Traditional Agricultural Sacrificial Ceremony in Dunhuang Almanacs——Centered on the 24 Solar Terms

作　　者：赵贞[1] Zhao Zhen(School of History,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学历史学院,北京100875

出　　处：《古今农业》2025年第1期85-95,共11页Ancient and Modern Agriculture

摘　　要：敦煌具注历日中,经常看到诸如藉田、社、风伯、雨师、祭川原、启原祭等名目的祭祀礼仪,这些祭礼寓有祈求农业风调雨顺、五谷丰熟的意涵。其中祭祀时间的确定,很大程度上与二十四节气有关,比如立春后丑日祭风伯,立夏后申日祭雨师,春秋二社通常选择最为接近春分、秋分的戊日,谷雨前后祭川原,雨水前后启原祭等。这说明二十四节气界定的时令秩序对于传统农业祭祀时间的确定具有一定的指导作用。In the Dunhuang Almanacs manuscript,sacrificial ceremonies such as Jitian(藉田),the God of the Land(社神),the God of Wind(风伯),the God of Rain(雨师),Ji chuan yuan(祭川原),Qi yuan ji(启原祭),etc.,are often seen.These ceremonies have the meaning of praying for favorable agricultural weather and good harvest.The determination of the sacrificial time is largely related to the 24 Solar Terms.For example,the date of Chou(丑日)after the Start of Spring(立春),is sacrificed to the God of Wind.The date of Shen(申日)after the Start of Summer(立夏),is sacrificed to the God of Rain.The date of Wu(戊日)which is closest to the Spring Equinox(春分)and Autumn Equinox(秋分),is sacrificed to the God of the land in Spring and Autumn.The time for offering sacrifices to Ji chuan yuan is around the Grain Rain(谷雨),while the time for offering sacrifices to Qi yuan ji is around the Rain Water(雨水).Which shows that the seasonal order defined by the 24 Solar Terms has a certain guiding role in determining the traditional agricultural sacrifice time.

关 键 词：敦煌历日 祭礼 二十四节气 

分 类 号：K892.9[历史地理—民俗学]