590CL车轮钢旋压冲孔开裂原因分析  

Cause Analysis on Cracking of 590CL Wheel Steel When Spinning and Punching

作　　者：白雅琼[1] 寇沙沙[1] 靳燕[1] 姚熠莹 Bai Yaqiong;Kou Shasha;Jin Yan;Yao Yiying(Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co.,Ltd.,Baotou 014010,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古包头014010

出　　处：《包钢科技》2025年第2期49-52,共4页Science & Technology of Baotou Steel

摘　　要：590CL车轮钢通过旋压和冲压技术进行成型,制作成汽车轮辐,在冲风孔过程中出现开裂现象,通过对开裂车轮钢进行宏观观察,扫描电镜及金相检验等综合分析,确定车轮钢开裂位置均位于轮辐外缘部位的风孔与剪切端之间,断裂源位于车轮钢的风孔端,约在钢板厚度的心部位置。车轮钢心部有偏析带并伴随有主要成分为C、Nb的点串状夹杂物,这些均会在加工成型过程中阻碍铁素体的正常变形,使旋压过程中金属流动性不一致,从而产生加工硬化,在心部偏析部位产生应力集中诱发裂纹,后经冲孔应力释放,导致开裂。建议在今后的生产加工过程中,调整成分,确保合适的铌、碳比例,优化炼钢、连铸和轧制工艺。The 590CL wheel steel is formed by spinning and stamping technologies to be made into automobile spoke.There is cracking in the process of stamping air hole.The cracking position is determined to be between the air hole on outer edge of spoke and shear end as well as fracture origin is at the air hole end of wheel steel,which is about the central part of plate thickness through macroscopic observation of cracked wheel steel as well as such comprehensive analysis as scanning electron microscope and metallographic examination;the zone of segregation in the core of wheel steel with inclusions those are mainly C and Nb in shape of dot string could all hinder normal deformation of ferrite in pre-forming process so that the fluidity of metal is inconsistent.As a result,the work hardening is generated and stress concentration in segregation in the core induces cracks,then stress is released through punching so that cracking is caused.It is suggested to adjust the composition to ensure appropriate proportions of niobium and carbon as well as optimize processes of steelmaking,continuous casting and rolling in the future production and processing processes.

关 键 词：车轮钢 旋压 开裂 偏析 

分 类 号：TG316.15[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工]