儒家是否回避了道德冲突?——从中西互镜的视角看  

Does Confucianism Avoid Moral Conflict?-From the Perspective of Mutual Mirroring of Chinese and Western Philosophies

作　　者：苏晨生 Su Chensheng

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学哲学院,北京100872

出　　处：《天府新论》2025年第3期77-87,156,157,共13页New Horizons from Tianfu

基　　金：中国人民大学2024年度拔尖创新人才培育资助计划项目。

摘　　要：道德冲突是西方学界的热门话题,而将其用在研究儒家伦理方面进行互文性的诠释,无论对于解决道德冲突本身还是重新理解儒家伦理都具有重要意义。为了使两者能够在同一个频道上相互诠释,区分狭义和广义上的道德冲突是必要的。对于儒家来说,一方面,它并没有思考狭义上的道德冲突,因为儒家经权思想的核心是如何在保证儒家经典或者道德规范的绝对地位的同时承认例外状态的合法性,而不是在两个同样重要的道德义务之间进行选择——这是狭义上的道德冲突的必要条件。另一方面,经权思想用自己的方式处理了很多广义上的道德冲突,并用价值排序的方式进行解决。从儒家伦理对道德冲突问题的回应来看,儒家并没有因为道德冲突给自身的伦理规范带来的挑战而对其进行反思,这是儒家伦理的局限。反过来说,从道德冲突本身来看,将儒家经权思想视为一个理解它的典型例子,使得道德冲突被区分为相对道德冲突和绝对道德冲突,从而为研究道德冲突提供了新的理论资源。Moral conflict is a hot topic in Western academic community,and its use in the study of Confucian ethics for intertextual interpretation is important both for resolving moral conflict itself and for re-interpreting Confucian ethics.In order for moral conflict and Confucian ethics to interpret each other on the same channel,it is necessary to distinguish between moral conflict in the narrow and broad sense.For Confucianism,on the one hand,it does not think about moral conflict in the narrow sense because the core of Confucian“Jingquan”(regularity and flexibility)thought is how to recognize the legitimacy of the state of exceptions while guaranteeing the absolute status of the Confucian classics or ethical norms,instead of choosing between two equally important ethical obligations.This is a necessary condition for moral conflict in the narrow sense.But on the other hand,“Jingquan”thought deals with many moral conflicts in the broader sense in its own way and resolves them with value ordering.In terms of the response of Confucian ethics to the issue of moral conflict,it is a limitation of Confucian ethics that Confucianism does not reflect on moral conflict because of the challenges moral conflict poses to its own ethical norms.From the perspective of moral conflict itself,considering Confucianism“Jingquan”thought as a typical example of understanding,it can make a distinction between relative and absolute moral conflicts,which is important for deepening the rational understanding of moral conflict.

关 键 词：道德冲突 儒家伦理 经权 比较哲学 

分 类 号：B82-0[哲学宗教—伦理学]