企业国际化、就业增长与人力资本结构升级——基于年报的文本分析  

Enterprise Internationalization,Employment Growth and Human Capital Structure Upgrading:A Text Analysis Based on Annual Reports

作　　者：李冬伟[1] 方俊 李建良[1] 付梦娇 Li Dongwei;Fang Jun;Li Jianliang;Fu Mengjiao(School of Economics and Management,East China Jiaotong University;School of Economics and Management,Nanchang University)

机构地区：[1]华东交通大学经济管理学院 [2]南昌大学经济管理学院

出　　处：《劳动经济研究》2025年第2期107-129,共23页Studies in Labor Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72162017);江西省研究生创新专项资金项目(YC2023-S516)的资助。

摘　　要：随着经济全球化的深入发展,企业国际化能否促进就业受到越来越多的关注。本文以2012-2022年A股上市公司为样本,利用自然语言处理技术构建企业国际化词典衡量企业国际化程度,探究企业国际化对就业规模和人力资本结构的影响。研究发现,企业国际化显著促进了就业增长和人力资本结构升级。其核心逻辑在于,企业国际化能够通过扩大市场需求和提升生产效率促进就业增长,并通过教育和职能结构的转化促进人力资本结构升级。进一步研究发现,企业国际化主要通过增加高技能人员就业而产生结构性影响。异质性分析发现,企业国际化对高成长性、非国有和低劳动力密集度企业的就业影响更大。本文结论为全球化时代“走出去”战略下企业高质量发展提供了理论与经验支持。As economic globalization continues to deepen,the question of whether enterprise internationalization can promote employment has received increasing attention.This study uses A-share listed companies from 2012 to 2022 as samples.It employs natural language processing to construct a dictionary to assess the level of internationalization among enterprises,exploring its impact on the size of employment and the structure of human capital.The study finds that enterprise internationalization significantly promotes employment growth and the upgrading of human capital structure.The main reason is that enterprise internationalization can promote employment growth by expanding market demand and enhancing production efficiency.It can upgrade the human capital structure through changes in educational and functional structures.Further analysis shows that enterprise internationalization mainly has a structural impact by increasing employment for high-skilled personnel.Analysis of differences among enterprises shows that enterprise internationalization has a more significant impact on employment in high-growth,private,and low-labor-intensive enterprises.The findings of this study provide theoretical and empirical support for the sustainable development of enterprises under the“going global”strategy in the era of globalization.

关 键 词：企业国际化 就业增长 人力资本结构升级 文本分析 

分 类 号：F272.92[经济管理—企业管理]