数字经济发展对劳动力市场中过度教育的影响  

The Effect of Digital Economy's Development on Over-Education in the Labor Market

作　　者：彭骏 赵西亮[2] PENG Jun;ZHAO Xiliang(Anhui University of Finance&Economics,233030;Xiamen University,361005)

机构地区：[1]安徽财经大学经济学院,233030 [2]厦门大学经济学院,361005

出　　处：《财贸经济》2025年第4期95-113,共19页Finance & Trade Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“人工智能技术应用对劳动力行业间配置和工资的影响研究”(23BJL042);教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目“农村教育、教育回报和农村居民收入提升研究”(22YJA790092)。

摘　　要：本文基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据和城市层面数据,考察了数字经济发展对劳动力市场中过度教育的影响及其作用机制。研究结果表明,数字经济发展能够显著降低我国劳动力市场中的过度教育发生率。影响机制分析表明,数字经济发展通过促进劳动者就业技能结构和就业行业结构升级而降低过度教育发生率,并通过增加劳动力市场中的非常规技能型职业,进而降低过度教育发生率。进一步地,数字经济发展通过劳动者就业技能结构和就业行业结构升级,以及增加非常规技能型职业提高了劳动者与工作岗位的匹配程度,因而数字经济通过提高劳动者与工作岗位的匹配程度降低了过度教育发生率。异质性分析表明,数字经济发展对过度教育的影响存在区域、出生世代和行业异质性。本文的研究结论丰富和完善了数字经济与人力资源配置效率方面的研究,也为发展数字经济和实现更高质量就业提供了理论支持。Over-education,a phenomenon where workers'education levels exceed the requirements of their job positions,has become a global issue in labor markets.In labor markets,massive over-education will drive up social costs for it reflects a mismatch between the human capital supply and the work skills demand.Besides,for the macro-economy,over-education also hinders the growth of social productive forces and development efficiency.Addressing over-education is particularly critical for China,which seeks to implement an innovationdriven strategy and sustain economic growth.Achieving these goals requires not only a sufficient supply of high-quality human capital but also the efficient and rational allocation of human resources to appropriate positions.To this end,identifying the causes of over-education is essential.This paper studies the impact of the digital economy's development on the incidence of over-education in the labor market.Leveraging data from the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)2014-2020 and the Chinese Urban Statistical Yearbook,this paper empirically examines the effect of the digital economy's development on the incidence of over-education in the labor market and how.The results show that the digital economy's development obviously reduces the incidence of over-education in Chinese labor market.Mechanism analysis reveals that the digital economy's development reduces the likelihood of over-education through three primary channels:(1)promoting the upgrading of workers'employment skill structure,(2)fostering the upgrading of employment industry structures,and(3)boosting the share of non-routine skill occupations in the labor market.Specifically,the digital economy's development drives the upgrading of the industrial structure and the occupational structure and creates more jobs requiring high-level education,thereby reducing over-education.Meanwhile,it incentivizes workers to raise their education level to keep pace with the rapid technological advancements.Furthermore,the digital economy increases the matchi

关 键 词：数字经济 过度教育 就业技能结构 就业行业结构 

分 类 号：F061.3[经济管理—政治经济学]