高速列车静态气密性缩尺分析与试验研究  

Reduced-scale Analysis and Test Study of Static Air Tightness of High-speed Train

作　　者：贾永兴[1] 肖磊 许建林[1] 李睿 杨永刚[1] JIA Yongxing;XIAO Lei;XU Jianlin;LI Rui;YANG Yonggang(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学机电工程学院,兰州1730070

出　　处：《兰州交通大学学报》2025年第2期36-44,共9页Journal of Lanzhou Jiaotong University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51965033)。

摘　　要：为了探究缩尺模型试验在高速列车静态气密性研究中的可行性,利用数值模拟和模型试验研究了高速列车静态泄漏过程。基于静态泄漏模型理论推导了模型缩尺比例与等效泄漏孔面积及列车静态泄漏时间的关系。利用数值模拟方法计算了缩尺比例分别为1∶1、1∶5、1∶10和1∶20时缩尺模型的静态泄漏过程,验证了模型缩尺比例与列车静态泄漏时间的关系,并明确了其与孔口速度的关系。建立了1∶20列车气密缩尺模型试验系统,复现了列车静态泄漏过程。并利用缩尺模型试验系统研究了列车车内初始压力对静态泄漏时间的影响。研究结果表明:数值模拟结果显示高速列车静态泄漏时间与模型缩尺比例成反比例关系。建立的1∶20列车气密缩尺模型试验系统的静态泄漏时间与国外试验结果的相对误差为3.02%,重复性试验的最大相对偏差为2%,表明本试验系统的准确性和可靠性。缩尺模型内部初始压力分别为5 kPa、4 kPa和3 kPa时,内部压力从3 kPa降到1 kPa的泄漏时间最大相对误差为3.26%,表明高速列车静态气密性与车内初始压力无关。研究结果为高速列车气密缩尺模型试验研究提供了理论及数据依据。In order to explore the feasibility of reduced-scale test in the static airtightness study of high-speed train,the static leakage process of high-speed train was studied by numerical simulation and model test.Based on the static leakage model theory,the relationship among equivalent leakage area,the leakage time of the reduced-scale model with reduced-scale ratio were deduced.The 1:1,1:5,1:10 and 1:20 static leakage process of reduced-scale model was calculated by numerical simulation method.The relationship between reduced-scale model and static leakage time of train was verified,and the relationship between reduced-scale ratio and air velocity in orifice was clarified.A 1:20 reduced-scale test system of train airtightness was established,and the static leakage process of train was reproduced.The influence of initial pressure on static leakage time is studied using the reduced-scale test system.The results show that the static leakage time of high-speed train is inversely proportional to the reduced-scale ratio.The relative error of static leakage time using the 1:20 scale-model test system with the full-scale test results is 3.02%.And the maximum relative deviation of repeatability tests is 2%,which shows a good performance of accuracy and reliability.The maximum relative error of leakage time from 3 kPa to 1 kPa is 3.26%,when the initial internal pressure of the reduced-scaled model is 5 kPa,4 kPa and 3 kPa respectively,which indicates that the static airtightness of high-speed train has no concern with the initial internal pressure.The findings can provide theoretical and data support for the reduced-scale model test studies on the air tightness of high-speed trains.

关 键 词：缩尺模型试验 气密性 静态泄漏 高速列车 空气动力学 

分 类 号：U270.1[机械工程—车辆工程]