衍射阅读:一种新唯物主义阅读观的建构及其问题  

Diffractive Reading:The Construction of a New Materialist Approach to Literary Reading and Its Problematics

作　　者：李红春[1] Li Hongchun

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学文学院

出　　处：《天津社会科学》2025年第2期123-132,176,共11页Tianjin Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“西方后冷战时期文学阅读理论的保守主义形态研究”(项目号:24BZW017)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：新唯物主义哲学提供了一种扁平本体论,为建构衍射阅读提供了哲学可能。扁平本体论将文学视为一种独立且能动的现实力量,这种力量与物质、生物、精神和文化等要素处于同一平面,彼此平等,互不隶属,但又相互纠缠,不断促成新事物和新关系的产生。以这种文学观为基础的衍射阅读,既不寻求现代主义对作者原义的无限抵近,也不贪慕后现代主义对读者阐释权的极度扩张,而是直面文本与物质、生物和文化的纠缠与亲缘,将阅读本身理解为世界内部关系的重新配置,以便在文本旁创造新事物和新关系,对既有的新自由主义秩序及其文化形成挑战。这就意味着,衍射阅读既不是认识论,也不是表现论,而是实践论。阅读中的各种元素不是要反射、映照彼此,而是要叠加、重构彼此,以便形成异质的实践力量。衍射阅读观的建构,有利于揭示阅读活动的后人类主义和实践伦理属性,将阅读活动建构在更为深厚、复杂的物质运动之中。但由于新唯物主义对“物”的认识,既不是辩证的,也不是历史的,这使得衍射阅读又很容易走向形而上学和保守主义,并沦为资本主义消费文化的文艺批评版本,因此需要批判认识。New Materialist philosophy offers a Flat Ontology that provides philosophical possibilities for constructing a Diffractive Reading.Flat Ontology regards literature as an autonomous and agential force of reality-a force that coexists on the same plane with material,biological,mental,and cultural elements.These elements remain equal,non-hierarchical,yet entangled,perpetually generating new entities and relationships.Rooted in this literary perspective,Diffractive Reading neither seeks the modernist obsession with asymptotically approaching authorial intent nor indulges in postmodernist extremes of expanding readerly hermeneutic authority.Instead,it confronts the entanglements and kinships between text and matter,biology and culture,framing reading itself as a reconfiguration of intra-worldly relations.By creating new entities and relationships alongside texts,it challenges the existing neoliberal order and its cultural formations.This implies that Diffractive Reading is neither epistemology nor representationalism,but praxiology.Elements in reading are not meant to reflect or mirror one another;rather,they superimpose and restructure each other to generate heterogeneous agential forces.The construction of a Diffractive Reading framework helps reveal the posthumanist and ethical-practical dimensions of reading,embedding the act within the deeper,more complex material movements of the world.However,since New Materialism's conception of “matter” is neither dialectical nor historical,Diffractive Reading risks lapsing into metaphysical conservatism and becoming a mere cultural-critical variant of capitalist consumer culture.Thus,it demands critical vigilance.

关 键 词：新唯物主义 衍射阅读 扁平本体论 后现代主义 

分 类 号：I0-02[文学—文学理论]