田间成熟度对烟叶机械采收效果的影响  

Influence of Field Maturity on Mechanical Harvesting Effect of Tobacco Leaves

作　　者：王鹏 龚达平[1] 管恩森[3] 解敏敏[1] 孙玉军[3] 任杰[1] 刘自畅 徐秀红[1] WANG Peng;GONG Daping;GUAN Ensen;XIE Minmin;SUN Yujun;REN Jie;LIU Zichang;XU Xiuhong(Institute of Tobacco Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Qingdao 266101,China;Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Shandong Weifang Tobacco Co.,Ltd.,Weifang 261205,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院烟草研究所/农业农村部烟草生物学与加工重点实验室,青岛266101 [2]中国农业科学院研究生院,北京100081 [3]山东潍坊烟草有限公司,山东潍坊261205

出　　处：《中国烟草科学》2025年第2期1-8,共8页Chinese Tobacco Science

基　　金：中国烟草总公司山东省公司科技重点项目(202114);中国烟草总公司重大科技项目计划项目[110202201007(JY-07)];中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-TRIC03)。

摘　　要：为探究田间烤烟成熟度对烟叶机械化采收效果的影响,以中烟100的中(C)、上部(B)烟叶为试验材料,测定了低(M1)、中(M2)、高(M3)3种成熟度烟叶的机械采收质量、力学特性指标、茎叶夹角、细胞壁相关成分等,并对细胞壁相关成分与力学特性指标进行了相关分析。研究结果显示:随成熟度升高,1)烟叶机械采收破损率先降低后升高,CM2、BM2破损率分别为6.96%、8.42%,各处理间差异显著;采净率逐渐升高,但中、高两种成熟度烟叶的采净率无显著差异。2)叶肉及叶脉最大拉伸力减小,最大拉伸力位移增大,柔度系数及伸长率升高,弹性模量降低,叶脉抗弯强度递减。3)纤维素、半纤维素和木质素含量梯度递减(CM1>CM2>CM3,BM1>BM2>BM3),且与弹性模量和抗弯强度显著正相关。4)中、上部叶茎叶夹角增大,茎叶结合力逐渐降低,CM3、BM3的茎叶夹角范围分别为67.78°~87.60°、69.45°~86.89°,不利于机械采收作业。因此,建议在田间烟叶达到中成熟度时开展机械采收,实现采净率与破损率的协同优化。To investigate the effects of field-grown flue-cured tobacco maturity on mechanical harvesting performance,middle(C)and upper(B)leaves of Zhongyan 100 were selected as experimental materials.Three maturity levels—low(M1),medium(M2),and high(M3)—were tested,and the following parameters were measured:mechanical harvesting quality,mechanical property indices,stem-leaf angles,and cell wallrelated components.A correlation analysis was conducted between cell wall components and mechanical properties.The results showed that:With increasing maturity,1)The mechanical harvesting damage rate first decreased and then increased.The damage rates of CM2 and BM2 were 6.96%and 8.42%,respectively,with significant differences between treatments.The harvesting completeness rate gradually increased,but no significant difference was observed between medium and high maturity levels.2)The maximum tensile force of mesophyll and veins decreased,while the displacement at maximum tensile force increased.The flexibility coefficient and elongation rate increased,whereas the elastic modulus decreased.The bending strength of veins showed a declining trend.3)Cellulose,hemicellulose,and lignin contents exhibited a gradient decline(CM1>CM2>CM3,BM1>BM2>BM3)and were significantly positively correlated with elastic modulus and bending strength.4)The stem-leaf angles of middle and upper leaves increased,while the stem-leaf binding force gradually decreased.The stem-leaf angles of CM3 and BM3 were 67.78°-87.60°and 69.45°-86.89°,respectively,which were deemed unfavorable for mechanical harvesting operations.Therefore,it is recommended to perform mechanical harvesting when the field-grown tobacco leaves reach medium maturity to achieve collaborative optimization of net extraction rate and damage rate.

关 键 词：烤烟烟叶 细胞壁成分 力学特性 机械采收 

分 类 号：S572.01[农业科学—烟草工业]