中国海洋水色卫星的海上漂浮浒苔遥感特性分析  

Analysis of the Remote Sensing Characteristics for Floating Enteromorpha prolifera on the Sea Surface by China’s Ocean Color Satellites

作　　者：叶小敏[1,2] 林志佳 腾和丽 郭茂华 王晓梅[1,2] YE Xiaomin;LIN Zhijia;TENG Heli;GUO Maohua;WANG Xiaomei(State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics,National Satellite Ocean Application Service,Beijing 100081,China;Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Applications,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100081,China;National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]卫星海洋环境监测预警全国重点实验室国家卫星海洋应用中心,北京100081 [2]自然资源部空间海洋遥感与应用重点实验室,北京100081 [3]国家海洋环境预报中心,北京100081

出　　处：《航天返回与遥感》2025年第2期13-26,共14页Spacecraft Recovery & Remote Sensing

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42476176);十三五预研项目——海洋卫星应用示范;2022年度自然资源部高层次科技创新人才工程青年人才项目—海上漂浮藻类鉴别与覆盖率的卫星遥感监测研究。

摘　　要：近年来,浒苔绿潮已成为黄海海域的一种海洋生态灾害。卫星遥感作为一种技术手段,为该海洋生态灾害的防控提供了有效的基础监测信息。中国海洋水色卫星(HY-1C、HY-1D和新一代海洋水色观测卫星)可为海上大型漂浮浒苔监测提供多种分辨率的同步观测数据源。文章使用准真彩色合成影像分析法和归一化差分植被指数(NDVI)分别从图像、光谱、时空覆盖和信息提取结果差异等方面对海上漂浮浒苔多分辨率遥感数据的监测特性进行分析。分析结果表明:空间分辨率是影响海上漂浮藻体遥感监测结果的主要因素,空间分辨率优于500 m的中国海洋水色卫星遥感影像可较好地用于暴发期的海上漂浮浒苔监测;当前中国海洋水色卫星可实现黄海浒苔的每天一次中等分辨率覆盖监测;NDVI随海面浒苔覆盖率增大而增大;不同分辨率遥感影像直接观测到的浒苔分布具有较大差异,分辨率和监测得到的分布面积呈现负相关的关系。该研究为中国海洋水色卫星数据的生态监测应用及后续卫星指标论证提供了重要参考依据。In recent years,the green tide of Enteromorpha prolifera has become a marine ecological disaster in the Yellow Sea.Meanwhile,as a technology,the satellite remote sensing provides effective basic monitoring information for the prevention and control of the marine ecological disaster.The China's Ocean Color Satellites(HY-1C,HY-1D and the new-generation ocean color observation satellite)can provide multi-resolution synchronous observation data for monitoring the large floating Enteromorpha prolifera.In this study,the analysis method of quasi-true color synthesis for image and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)are used to analyze the remote sensing characteristics of floating Enteromorpha prolifera on the sea surface from the image,spectrum,spatial-temporal coverage and the difference of the extracted information by using the multi-resolution remote sensing monitoring data.The analysis results indicate:spatial resolution is the key influencing factor for remote sensing monitoring of floating seaweed on the sea surface;China's ocean color satellite remote sensing images with spatial resolution of higher than 500 m can be well used for monitoring the floating Enteromorpha prolifera in its outbreak period;China's ocean color satellites can cover the floating Enteromorpha prolifera monitoring area in the Yellow Sea once a day with the medium resolution;NDVI increases with the enlargement of the seaweed's coverage;the distribution of Enteromorpha prolifera directly observed from remote sensing images with different resolutions has significant differences,and there is a negative correlation between their resolution and the monitored distribution area.The results of the paper have significance in ecological monitoring applications by using China's ocean color satellite data and demonstrating the specifications for coming satellite.

关 键 词：中国海洋水色卫星 浒苔 海岸带成像仪 水色水温扫描仪 中分辨率可编程成像光谱仪 遥感监测 

分 类 号：X87[环境科学与工程—环境工程] V556[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]