轻罪治理视域下网络侮辱、诽谤案件追诉机制研究  

Study of the Prosecution Mechanism for Network Insult and Defamation Cases in the View of Misdemeanor Governance

作　　者：汤立文 TANG Liwen(Law School,People's Public Security University of China,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民公安大学法学院,北京100038

出　　处：《宜宾学院学报》2025年第4期11-19,共9页Journal of Yibin University

摘　　要：受积极刑法观的指引,轻罪犯罪圈不断扩张,网络侮辱、诽谤犯罪属于典型的轻罪范畴,适用公诉与自诉并行的二元追诉机制。既有追诉机制面临告诉才处理案件限于纯粹自诉、自诉人收集证据困难以及公安机关协助取证制度适用效果不佳的追诉困境,告诉才处理制度的立法本意亟须厘清。告诉才处理制度以被害人告诉作为启动诉讼程序的必要前置条件,尊重被害人自主选择适用自诉程序的意愿,在程序法效果上并不等同于纯粹自诉。告诉才处理的网络侮辱、诽谤案件需构建以被害人自诉程序选择权为导向的混合追诉机制,完善被害人申请与法院依职权两种情形下的自诉转公诉程序,并从启动标准、协助对象、适用阶段以及证据范围层面细化公安机关协助取证制度。Under the guidance of a positive outlook on criminal law,misdemeanor crime circle has been expanding.Crimes of network insult and defamation belong to the typical misdemeanor category,and the binary prosecution system featuring parallel public prosecution and private prosecution applies.Under the existing prosecution system,the cases handled only upon complaint are limited to pure private prosecutions,private prosecutors have difficulty in collecting evidence,and application of the system of assisting in evidence collection by public security organs is ineffective,so it is urgent to clarify the legislative intent of the system of handling cases handled only upon complaint.The system of handling cases only upon complaint takes the complaint of the victim as the necessary precondition for the commencement of legal proceedings and respects the victim’s will to prosecute;therefore,it is not equivalent to a pure private prosecution in terms of procedural law effect.For network insults and defamation cases handled only upon complaint,it is necessary to build a mixed prosecution mechanism guided by the victim’s choice of private prosecution procedure,improve the victim’s application and the court’s transfer of private prosecution to public prosecution under the two situations of authority,and refine the public security organs’assistance in collecting evidence system from the aspects of starting standards,assisting objects,application stage and evidence scope.

关 键 词：轻罪治理 网络侮辱诽谤 告诉才处理 混合追诉机制 公安机关协助取证 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]