不同施肥模式对雪菜产量和效益的影响  

Effects of different fertilization modes on yield and benefit of Chinese cabbage

作　　者：王飞 秦方锦 章余 车春华 胡伋 黄郑宸 郑振浩 WANG Fei;QIN Fang-jin;ZHANG Yu;CHE Chun-hua;HU Ji;HUANG Zheng-chen;ZHENG Zhen-hao(Ningbo General Station of Agricultural Technology Extension,Ningbo Zhejiang 315012;Ningbo Huidoli Sales Co.,LTD.,Zhejiang Agricultural Materials Group,Ningbo Zhejiang 315033;Yuyao Agricultural Technology Extension Service Station,Yuyao Zhejiang 315499)

机构地区：[1]宁波市农业技术推广总站,浙江宁波315012 [2]浙江农资集团宁波惠多利销售有限公司,浙江宁波315033 [3]余姚市农业技术推广服务总站,浙江余姚315499

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2025年第3期178-183,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：宁波市公益性科技计划项目(2021S022);宁波市农业技术推广项目(2019NT013)。

摘　　要：比较不同施肥模式下雪菜的产量和生产效益,以期提炼合理施肥模式,为实施化肥减量增效行动提供参考。采用配方施肥、缓控释肥应用、有机无机配合施肥等技术路线,各设3个处理,以农户习惯施肥为对照(CK),减少总养分28.7%~42.7%(均指折纯养分量,下同)。结果显示,当地主推的配方施肥模式(基肥20-15-10配方肥、尿素提苗、春发肥21-6-13配方肥)较CK化肥减量37.7%,雪菜显著增产12.0%,每公顷增加效益10465.5元;缓控释肥模式(24-12-12缓释肥作基肥、高氮低磷配方肥作春发肥,不施提苗肥)较CK化肥减量33.8%,雪菜增产2.7%,每公顷增加效益4947元;有机无机配合施肥模式(每公顷施用商品有机肥7500 kg,与当地主推配方肥配合施用)较CK化肥减量36.1%,雪菜显著增产11.0%,每公顷增加效益5290.5元。综上所述,配方施肥模式减肥节本增收效果佳,推广应用价值最大;缓控释肥模式有助于实现轻简化施肥,但新肥料大面积应用需经过田间试验验证;有机无机配合施肥模式增产显著,需进一步探索适宜的有机肥用量以及化肥减量幅度。Experiments were conducted tocompare the yield and production benefits of brassica juncea with different fertilization modes in order to provide reference for the implementation of fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement.Using formula fertilization,slow controlled release fertilizer application,organic and inorganic combined fertilization,three treatments were set up,with farmers'customary fertilization as a control,reducing the total nutrientby 28.7%-42.7%(all refer to the pure nutrient content,the same below).The results showed that the main local formula fertilization mode(20-15-10 formulated fertilization as base fertilizer,urea seedling fertilizer and 21-6-13 formulated fertilization as spring fertilizer)reduced the fertilizer amount per hectare by 37.7%compared with the control treatment,significantly increased the yield by 12.0%,and increased the benefit by 10465.5 Yuan.In slow and controlled release fertilizer mode(24-12-12 slow release fertilizer was usedasbase fertilizer,high nitrogen and low phosphorus formula fertilizer was usedas spring fertilizer,no seedling fertilizer was applied),the fertilizer amount per hectare was reduced by 33.8%,the yield was increased by 2.7%,and the benefit was increased by 4947 Yuan.The organic and inorganic combined fertilization mode(applying 7500 kg of commercial organic fertilizer per hectare in combination with the local main formula fertilizer)reduced the amount of chemical fertilizer by 36.1%compared with the control treatment,significantly increased the yield by 11.0%,and increased the benefit by 5290.5 Yuan.It was concluded that the formula fertilization mode had the best effect on reducing weight,saving cost and increasing income,and had the greatest application value.The slow controlled release fertilizer mode is helpful to achieve light and simplified fertilization,but the new fertilizer needs tobe verified by field experiments in large area application.It is necessary to further explore the appropriate amount of organic fertilizer and the range of fert

关 键 词：雪菜 化肥减量增效 配方施肥 缓控释肥 有机无机配合施肥 

分 类 号：S636.9[农业科学—蔬菜学]