光伏电站建设对西北荒漠区生态环境的影响研究进展  

Research progress in the impact of photovoltaic power station construction on the ecological environment of the desert region of Northwest China

作　　者：刘雅婧 王丹阳 常旭 安景源 牧仁 李新乐[1] 徐涛 杨波 LIU Yajing;WANG Danyang;CHANG Xu;AN Jingyuan;MU Ren;LI Xinle;XU Tao;YANG Bo(Experimental Center of Desert Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry/Inner Mongolia Dengkou Desert Ecosystem Observation Research Station,015200,Dengkou,Inner Mongolia,China;Applied Geology Research Center of China Geological Survey,610036,Chengdu,China;Dalat Banner Water Resources Bureau,014300,Dalat Banner,Inner Mongolia,China;Dengkou Mengsheng Ecological Energy Technology Development Limited Liability Company,015200,Dengkou,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院沙漠林业实验中心/内蒙古磴口荒漠生态系统定位观测研究站,内蒙古磴口015200 [2]中国地质调查局应用地质研究中心,成都610036 [3]达拉特旗水利局,内蒙古达拉特旗014300 [4]磴口县蒙晟生态能源科技发展有限责任公司,内蒙古磴口015200

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2025年第2期9-17,共9页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中国林业科学研究院基本科研业务费专项“沙区光伏电站对局地气候及风沙活动影响机制研究”(CAFYBB2023MA028);中国林业科学研究院基本科研业务费专项“黄河几字弯光伏治沙关键技术集成与研发”(CAFYBB2023ZA008-05);国家草业技术创新中心(筹)重大创新平台建设专项“光伏下沙化土壤改良与植被建植技术研发”(CCPTZX2023B08)联合资助。

摘　　要：近年来,我国西北荒漠区建立了大量的光伏电站,这些光伏电站的建立对西北荒漠区生态环境的影响引起了众多学者的关注。笔者从光伏电站的建立对水文调控、水土保持、防风固沙、调节气候和生物多样性等方面进行综述,得出以下结论:光伏电站建设期机械碾压和填挖方会造成土壤板结和土壤肥力下降,加剧光伏电站内风沙活动和水土流失;光伏电站运营期光伏阵列的防风固沙和遮阴保湿作用能够促进光伏电站内植被恢复。不同的立地类型和气候环境都会导致光伏电站对其所处环境的土壤、植被、小气候以及生物多样性方面产生不同程度的影响。深入研究西北生态脆弱区光伏电站及其环境的互馈机制对于降低因光伏电站的建立造成的其所处区域的不良影响以及维持当地生态系统稳定性具有重要意义。[Background]With the proposal of"carbon peak and carbon neutrality"goals,many photovoltaic power stations have been established in the northwest desert areas of China.How the establishment of photovoltaic power stations affects the ecological environment of the northwest desert areas has attracted the attention of many scholars.[Methods]This study reviewed how the construction and operation periods of photovoltaic(PV)power plants in the Northwest Desert Region affected their ecological environments from the perspectives of precipitation,soil,climate,and biodiversity:Chinese and English literatures were searched from Web of Science and CNKI databases with the themes of"PV","PV+climate","PV+soil",and"PV+biodiversity",respectively.Literature was screened according to factors such as year of publication,number of citations,and journal of publication.[Results]PV power plants indirectly affect evapotranspiration and rainfall by changing the surface albedo;mechanical crushing and filling and excavation during the construction period of PV power plants cause soil compaction and soil fertility decline,which exacerbate wind and sand activities and soil erosion within the PV power plant;the deployment of PV arrays increases the roughness of the ground surface,reduces the near-surface wind speed,and thus lowers the surface sand transport within the PV power plant;PV panels change the composition and structure of the soil bacterial and fungal communities of the grasslands;there is a"heat island effect"of PV plants in the sandy areas.PV arrays change the composition and structure of soil bacterial and fungal communities in grasslands,and significantly increase the α-diversity of soil bacteria and fungi;PV power plants in sandy areas have a"heat island effect",which increases the temperature and reduces the humidity on sunny days in the summer;and the plant species,abundance,homogeneity and dominance as well as the biomass in the PV power plants are higher than those outside the PV power plants.[Conclusions]Different site type

关 键 词：生态环境 光伏电站 水土流失 植被恢复 西北荒漠区 

分 类 号：TM615[电气工程—电力系统及自动化] X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]