不同秸秆还田方式下红壤坡地径流垂向分层输出特征  

Characteristics of vertical stratified output of runoff on red soil slopes under different straw-returning methods

作　　者：褚添硕 陈晓安 杜勇强 王策[3] CHU Tianshuo;CHEN Xiao'an;DU Yongqiang;WANG Ce(Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Watershed Soil and Water Conservation,Jiangxi Academy of Water Science and Engineering,330029,Nanchang,China;Jiangxi Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Water Engineering in Poyang Lake Basin,330029,Nanchang,China;College of Agricultural Science and Engineering,Hohai University,210098,Nanjing,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省水利科学院流域水土保持江西省重点实验室,南昌330029 [2]江西省潘阳湖流域生态水利技术创新中心,南昌330029 [3]河海大学农业科学与工程学院,南京210098

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2025年第2期26-34,共9页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：江西省重点研发计划项目“基于腐解进程的秸秆还田水土保持关键技术研究”(20203BBGL73226);江西省技术创新引导类计划项目“农事活动影响下红壤坡地水土流失防控关键技术与应用”(20212AEI91011);江西省水利厅科技项目“红壤区小流域水土保持监测技术规范—水文泥沙监测技术规范”(202425BZKT01)。

摘　　要：秸秆还田能够有效减少南方红壤丘陵地区水土流失。为进一步揭示秸秆还田对土壤水分运动及径流垂向分层输出的影响机理,通过人工模拟降雨试验,以裸坡(CK)为对照,开展不同还田量下粉碎覆盖还田(CV)、粉碎翻耕还田(RT)和覆盖-粉碎翻耕还田(CR)3种还田方式对红壤坡地壤中流和深层渗透产流特征影响的研究。结果表明:1)秸秆还田显著改变径流输出途径,由地表径流转变为壤中流和深层渗透,产流总量分别达到CK的2.33~9.31倍和1.02~3.06倍。CV方式下,壤中流产流总量随还田量增大迅速增大。CR方式下,深层渗透总量与还田量呈显著正相关(R^(2)=0.9563)。RT方式下径流量与还田量关系不显著。2)不同还田方式的径流过程线特征各异,RT方式表现为单峰型,而CR与CV方式在达到峰值后趋于稳定。RT与CR方式分别有效减少壤中流和深层渗透的初始产流时间,CR与CV方式则延长径流峰值形成时间,而CR方式则显著增大径流峰值。秸秆覆盖在短期内提高地表糙度并减弱雨水冲击,而秸秆翻耕会增加土壤孔隙度并降低土壤容重,使CR方式在较低还田量下便可显著改变径流比例与输出过程,水土保持效果最佳。[Background]The red soil hilly regions in the South China are highly susceptible to severe soil erosion due to the bare ground and increased surface runoff from heavy rainfall.It has been proved that straw-returning methods may effectively reduce soil erosion by improving water infiltration,enhancing subsurface runoff,and increasing deep infiltration.However,the effects of different strawreturning methods on rainfall-runoff characteristics are not clear.This study aims to clarify these impact mechanisms and provide guidance for the optimization of soil and water conservation measures.[Methods]The experiment was conducted in De'an county,Jiangxi province.With bare land(CK)as the control,four levels of straw-returning amount of 0.30,0.45,0.6 and 0.75 kg/m2 were set for each of the three types of straw-returning methods,namely,crushed and mulch(CV),crushed and tillage(RT),and mulch-crushed and tillage(CR),with a total of thirteen treatments.Through the artificial rainfall test,the runoff volume of different stratification was collected by setting up runoff outlets in the soil tank devices to study the characteristics of subsurface runoff and deep infiltration.[Results]1)Different amounts of straw application significantly increased subsurface runoff by 2.33 to 9.31 times compared to CK.Specifically,the CV demonstrated a rapid increase in subsurface runoff with a greater amount of straw-returning.In contrast,the RT showed no significant correlation.Furthermore,regarding runoff processes,the RT approach showed a distinct single-peak curve with a steep post-peak descent,while both the CR and CV treatments stabilized upon attaining the peak and only commenced their descent after the termination of rainfall.The RT significantly reduced the initial runoff time for subsurface runoff(the reduction was 32.31%of CK),while CR effectively prolonged the formation of runoff peaks and significantly increased the peak runoff intensity.2)Different amounts of straw application significantly increased deep infiltration by 2.33 to 9.31

关 键 词：秸秆还田方式 壤中流 深层渗透 径流过程 红壤 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]