技能学习动力机制的阻滞与优化——基于企业二元劳动用工制度的考察  

The Blockage and Optimization of Skill Learning Motivation Mechanism:An Examination Based on the Dual Labor Employment System of Enterprises in China

作　　者：余韵 徐国庆[1] 王茜雯 YU Yun;XU Guoqing;WANG Xiwen(Institute of Vocational Education and Adult Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学职业教育与成人教育研究所,上海200062

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2025年第7期21-28,共8页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学重大课题“技能型社会测度模型、驱动因素及路径优化研究”(VJA220006)的部分成果。

摘　　要：构建技能学习动力机制是建设技能型社会的核心问题,其关键在于解决二元用工制度带来的劳动力市场分层。目前,我国企业用工存在二元化现象,知识型人才与技能型人才在薪酬、职业发展机会和福利保障上存在明显差距。这种分层结构导致高技能人才短缺和青年劳动力不愿从事技能工作,进而影响了人们对职前教育的选择和对职后技能学习的积极性,制约了技能学习动力的提升。二元劳动用工制度的形成既是我国历史体制与政治背景的延续,也与经济结构调整和产业升级密切相关。尽管该制度在短期内促进了经济效益,但未能有效推动技术创新和企业可持续发展。为此,提升技能学习动力,优化技能学习动力机制,需要破除二元用工结构,提升技术工人的社会地位;创新用工机制,激发技能学习的内生动力;优化政策引导,为技能人才的发展创造更加良好的环境。Building an effective system for skill development is central to creating a skill-based society.A key challenge lies in addressing the division of the labor market caused by the dual employment system.In China today,there is a clear gap between knowledge-based and skill-based workers in terms of pay,career growth,and benefits.This divide has led to a shortage of highly skilled workers and a reluctance among younger generations to pursue skilled trades.As a result,it affects people's choices regarding vocational education and their motivation for continuous skill learning,which in turn limits the overall drive for skill development.The origins of this dual labor system can be traced to China's historical context and political background,as well as the country's ongoing economic restructuring and industrial upgrade.While this system may have driven short-term economic benefits,it has not been effective in fostering technological innovation or the long-term sustainability of businesses.To encourage skill development and enhance motivation for learning,it's essential to break down the dual employment structure and elevate the status of skilled workers.Innovation in employment systems is also needed to stimulate intrinsic motivation for skill development.Finally,improving policy guidance will help create a more supportive environment for nurturing skilled talent.

关 键 词：技能学习动力 二元劳动用工制度 技术工人 高技能人才 

分 类 号：G710[文化科学—职业技术教育学]