19—20世纪越南版《千字文》类蒙书研究  

Research on Early Vietnamese Chinese Textbooks(19-20 century):A Case Study of Primer Thousand Character Classic

作　　者：郑梦娟 杨德心 赵守辉[3] Zheng Mengjuan;Yang Dexin;Zhao Shouhui

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际文化交流学院,北京100872 [2]越南河内国家大学下属外国语大学中国语言文化系,越南河内100000 [3]卑尔根大学人文学院,挪威卑尔根5020

出　　处：《语言战略研究》2025年第3期75-87,共13页Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning

基　　金：2022年国际中文教育研究中外联合专项课题“中英文二语教材文化话语呈现策略及效果对比分析”(22YH05ZW);2023年度国家社科基金重大项目“对标国际中文教育的二语习得理论创新研究”(23&ZD320)。

摘　　要：中国古代蒙学书《千字文》也是古代越南儿童学习汉语的重要教科书,越南学者还编写了众多仿作版。由仿作版《摘字解音歌》改动而来的《千字文解音》,以及进一步加注国语字的《千字文译国语》,更是广为流传。通过对两书用字的义场密度和义场层次分析,对其部首、偏旁的表意功能和数量的考察,以及与中国当代国际中文教育和国民教育权威教学字表的对比,发现其主要特点包括:(1)整句合辙押韵,注音方式逐渐科学化;(2)词义的纵横关联性较高;(3)收录的汉字具有较高的系统性、实用性。时至今日,越版《千字文》仍具有极高的参考价值:(1)在国际中文教育方面,其族字连句法、语义关联法等教学策略,可提升学习者的汉字联想记忆能力;(2)在中华文化传承方面,该书可作为越南人或越南华裔学习、传承当地文化和中华文明的金钥匙;(3)在语言规划研究方面,该书记录了越南语言生活的重要历史变化,启示语言政策制定者要慎重处理语言的技术功能与人文价值的矛盾和冲突。Vietnam and China share a profound historical lineage and close political,cultural,and economic ties.Consequently,the Vietnamese language's vocabulary and orthography have deep-rooted origins in Chinese.The ancient classic Chinese primer Thousand Character Classic(Qian Zi Wen) was formerly used as a major textbook for Vietnamese children learning Chinese.Furthermore,inspired by the Qian Zi Wen,Vietnamese literati composed widely circulated imitations,such as Interpretation of Phonetic Characters Derived from the Thousand Character Classic,Phonetic Annotations of the Thousand Character Classic,and Translation of the Thousand Character Classic into Vietnamese.This article collectively refers to these three books as “the Vietnamese Version of the Thousand Character Classic”.The present study examines both the compilation and contents of these three textbooks from the perspective of language-in-education planning,aiming to provide references for studies on the history of Sino-Vietnamese language planning and international Chinese education.Our findings demonstrate that “the Vietnamese Version of the Thousand Character Classic” reflects:firstly,these primer books document linguistic usage in Vietnam from the mid-19th century to the early 20th century;secondly,the included Chinese characters exhibit a high degree of self-su fficiency and practicality;thirdly,these three textbooks employ a method of “aggregating synonymous words”,forming a multidimensional network of semantics and phonetics;fourthly,they incorporate the rhythmic structure of the unique sixeight poetic form,where Chinese characters,Nom characters,and Vietnamese alphabetic characters complement each other functionally;fifthly,they serve as abridged instructional materials for contemporary Vietnamese or/and Chinese-Vietnamese learners studying Chinese and Vietnamese culture;finally,the analysis reveals a multiplicity of localization strategies for the Chinese classic,and the application of these strategies can enhance learning interest and inst

关 键 词：越南 国际中文教育 《千字文》 《千字文解音》 《千字文译国语》 

分 类 号：H002[语言文字—语言学]