高坝大库陡深水域测深装备研究  

Research on bathymetric equipment for steep and deep waters in high dams and large reservoirs

作　　者：孙征安 李启涛 孙振勇 陈绪刚 胥洪川 SUN Zhengan;LI Qitao;SUN Zhenyong;CHEN Xugang;XU Hongchuan(Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resources Survey of the Upper Yangtze River,Hydrology Bureau of Changjiang Water Resources Commission,Chongqing 400021,China;Hubei Haipai Marine Science and Technology Development Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430223,China)

机构地区：[1]长江水利委员会水文局长江上游水文水资源勘测局,重庆400021 [2]湖北海派海洋科技发展有限公司,湖北武汉430223

出　　处：《人民长江》2025年第4期136-142,共7页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3209502)。

摘　　要：在三峡、金沙江下游等高坝大库陡深水域测深应用中,常规单波束测深仪受测船姿态、延迟效应、波束角效应等影响,水下测深精度降低。为提高高坝大库陡深水域的测深精度,提出了一种声惯式一体测深装备设计方案,通过内置姿态传感器和应用超宽带换能器,将姿态传感器和单波束换能器一体化,解决了姿态补偿和时间同步问题,并在一定程度上有效降低了波束角效应的影响。在三峡、乌东德库区的近坝区开展了该测深装备的陡深水域测试研究,测试表明:各断面不同航次的吻合性较好,具有较高的内符合精度;在两个基准场上进行定点测试,水深测量相对偏差均为0.01%,定点高程中误差为0.11 m和0.07 m,满足SL 257-2017《水道观测规范》中对水深测量中误差的要求。研究成果可为高坝大库陡深水域水文泥沙监测技术能力提升提供参考。Conducting bathymetric surveys in steep and deep waters of high dams and large reservoirs,such as the Three Gorges and the lower reaches of Jinsha River,conventional single-beam echo sounders are affected by vessel attitude,time-delay effects,and beam angle effects,leading to deteriorated underwater depth measurement accuracy.To enhance bathymetric accuracy in the steep and deep waters of high dams and large reservoirs,a design scheme for single-beam measurement equipment integrated with an inertial navigation system(INS)is proposed.By embedding attitude sensors and applying ultra-wideband(UWB)transducers,the system integrates the attitude sensor with the single-beam transducer into a unified device.This innovation addresses attitude compensation and time synchronization issues while effectively mitigating the impact of beam angle effects to a significant extent.Field testing of the bathymetric equipment was conducted in steep and deep waters near the dam areas of the Three Gorges and Wudongde reservoirs.Results demonstrate that the measurements exhibit strong consistency across multiple survey voyages on different cross-sections,with high internal consistency accuracy.Fixed-point tests performed at two benchmark sites reveal a relative deviation of 0.01%in water depth measurements and mean elevation errors of 0.11 m and 0.07 m,respectively.The research outcomes comply with the permissible error requirements for bathymetric measurements specified in the Chinese Industry Standard SL 257-2017 Specifications for Waterway Survey.This equipment effectively meets the requirements for hydrological and sediment monitoring in steep and deep waters of high dams and large reservoirs,significantly advancing the technical capabilities for such monitoring tasks.

关 键 词：水文泥沙监测 高坝大库陡深水域 声惯式一体测深装备 姿态传感器 超宽带换能器 

分 类 号：TV697.2[水利工程—水利水电工程]