“跟跑”抑或“领跑”:实验室研究方向对博士生创新能力与学术绩效的影响  

“Following”or“Leading”:The Impact of Laboratory Research Direction on Doctoral Students’Innovative Capability and Academic Performance

作　　者：谢心怡 XIE Xinyi(Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学教育科学研究院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《中国高教研究》2025年第4期55-63,共9页China Higher Education Research

基　　金：中国高等教育学会2024年度高等教育科学研究规划重点课题“高水平科研团队中合作模式对理科拔尖人才学术成长路径的影响”(24LK0204);中国博士后科学基金面上资助“团队内合作模式对基础科学博士生学术社会化的影响机制”(2024M750981)的研究成果。

摘　　要：在我国科技从“跟跑”到“领跑”的转型过程中,实验室研究方向对博士生培养的影响机制亟待关注。基于混合案例研究发现:当实验室从事开创性研究时,博士生将发展面向前沿的开拓创新能力,但开创性研究失败风险极大,一旦失败,博士生无法获得学术绩效;当实验室从事探索性研究时,博士生也将发展创新能力,但学术绩效难以得到保证;当实验室从事程序性研究时,博士生难以充分发展创新能力,却能取得较高的学术绩效。在过度绩效导向的人才评价与选拔制度下,未充分发展创新能力的博士生却反而更可能被拣选。据此,应破除过度绩效导向的取人标准,在选拔与评价后备人才时以创新价值为基本导向,在项目资助时适度向从事开创性研究与探索性研究的博士生倾斜。In the process of transformation of China’s science and technology from“following”to“leading”,the impact of laboratory research direction on the training of doctoral students needs urgent attention.Based on the mixed case study,it is found that when the laboratories conduct pioneering research,doctoral students can develop cutting-edge-oriented creativity,but the risk of failure of pioneering research is extremely high,and once failed,doctoral students can’tbe able to obtain academic performance;when the laboratories conduct exploratory research,doctoral students can also develop innovative capability,but it is difficult to ensure academic performance;when the laboratories conduct routine research,it is difficult for doctoral students to fully develop innovative capability,but they can achieve high academic performance.Under the excessive performance-oriented talent evaluation and selection system,doctoral students who don’t fully develop innovative capability are more likely to be selected.Accordingly,the excessive performance-oriented selection criteria should be eliminated,the innovative value should be taken as the basic guide in selecting and evaluating reserve talents,and the project funding should be appropriately leaned towards doctoral students engaging in pioneering and exploratory research.

关 键 词：博士生教育 开创性研究 创新能力 绩效 

分 类 号：G643[文化科学—高等教育学]