从负面标签到多元图景:博士生延期毕业的原因类型及其影响研究  

From Negative Label to Multiple Visions:Study on the Types of Reasons for Doctoral Students’Delayed Graduation and Its Impacts

作　　者：谢鑫 蔡芬 王佳雨 XIE Xin;CAI Fen;WANG Jiayu(Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872;Peking University,Beijing 100871)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学教育学院,北京100872 [2]北京大学全国医学教育发展中心/教育学院,北京100871 [3]北京大学教育学院,北京100871

出　　处：《中国高教研究》2025年第4期72-80,共9页China Higher Education Research

基　　金：2023年国家自然科学基金青年基金项目“基于IPOD模型的‘医+X’博士生跨学科培养模式及其成效研究”(72304019)的研究成果。

摘　　要：为揭示博士生延期毕业的多元原因及其复杂影响,对2024年全国学术学位博士毕业生的问卷调查数据进行分析发现:第一,不同背景博士生的延期毕业原因存在显著差异,而论文发表的硬性要求较为普遍地加剧了各类博士生的延期毕业风险。第二,因导师课题组需要而延期毕业者较多为被动延期,其科研产出虽然优于按期毕业者,但学术能力增值和学术志趣发展的劣势明显。第三,为了做出更高质量的研究、因出国(境)交流而延期毕业者大多为主动延期,能够获得超越按期毕业者的学术训练质量。据此建议淡化对博士生毕业的论文发表要求,强化学位论文质量保障机制。将博士生的延期毕业情况适当纳入导师考核指标,提高导师指导质量。完善弹性学制,为拔尖创新博士生提供长周期科研支持。To uncover the multifaceted reasons behind the delayed graduation of doctoral students and its complex implications,an analysis of survey data from 2024 national academic degree doctoral graduates was conducted.The findings reveal:Firstly,there are significant differences in the reasons for delayed graduation among doctoral students of different background,the rigid requirement of paper publication generally aggravates the delay risk of all kinds of doctoral students.Secondly,many of those who delay graduation for meeting the needs of supervisor’s research project are passive delays;although their research output surpasses that of on-time graduates,they show notable disadvantages in the development of academic ability and academic interests.Thirdly,those who delay graduation to pursue higher-quality research or for overseas exchange are mostly active delays,achieving quality of academic training beyond that of on-time graduates.Based on these findings,it is recommended to reduce the paper publication requirements for doctoral students and strengthen the quality assurance mechanisms for dissertation research in doctoral education,incorporate delayed graduation of doctoral student into supervisor evaluation standard properly and improve their quality of supervision,implement a flexible educational system and provide long-term research support for top-notch innovative doctoral students.

关 键 词：延期毕业 博士生 培养质量 主动延期 

分 类 号：G643[文化科学—高等教育学]