合成生物技术应用的伦理问题研究综述  

A Review of Ethical Issues in Synthetic Biotechnology Applications

作　　者：张京傲红 姜萍 ZHANG Jing'aohong;JIANG Ping(School of Marxism,Nanjing Agriculture University,Nanjing 210095,Jiangsu,China;College of Humanities and Social Development,Nanjing Agriculture University,Nanjing 210095,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学马克思主义学院,江苏南京210095 [2]南京农业大学人文与社会发展学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《昆明理工大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期69-75,共7页Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：中国工程科技发展战略江苏研究院咨询研究项目“江苏农业生物产业科技创新风险及防范机制研究”(JS2023ZT07)。

摘　　要：合成生物技术的快速发展,带来了生物技术产业的空前变革。由于该技术的前沿性、高精尖性、复杂性等特征,其应用也引发了一些伦理争议,如人类安全遭受威胁、社会正义得不到保障、人造生命使“生命”与“非生命”的界限模糊,以及侵犯人类尊严等问题。学界已在解决合成生物技术应用伦理问题的治理原则、政策监管等方面做了有价值的探索,为政府的应对政策和伦理规制提供了理论依据,并且随着研究视野逐渐多元化,充实了现有的理论。然而,研究不足之处在于指导原则比较宽泛抽象,且存在伦理研究的空白区域。“人—非人动物嵌合体伦理问题”“生物样本库知情同意问题”“合成生物技术与人工智能、量子计算结合的伦理问题”等将是未来合成生物技术应用伦理研究的主要方向。The rapid advancement of synthetic biotechnology has triggered unprecedented transformations in the biotechnology industry.However,the cutting-edge,sophisticated,and complex nature of this technology has raised significant ethical controversies,including threats to human security,compromises to social justice,and blurring boundaries between“life”and“non-life”through artificial life creation.Academic efforts have explored governance principles,safety assessments,accountability mechanisms,and policy frameworks to address these ethical challenges,providing theoretical foundations for governmental regulations.While existing research has diversified in scope and enriched current theories,critical gaps remain due to overly abstract guiding principles and unresolved issues such as ethics of human-animal chimeric entities,informed consent in biobanking,ethical implications of integrating synthetic biotechnology with artificial intelligence and quantum computing.These areas represent pivotal directions for future research to ensure ethically aligned development of synthetic biotechnology.

关 键 词：合成生物技术 伦理问题 人类安全 社会正义 人类尊严 

分 类 号：Q81-05[生物学—生物工程] B82-057[哲学宗教—伦理学]