血清生物学标志物在肝癌筛查与早期诊断中的应用进展  

Advances in application of serum biomarkers for screening and early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

作　　者：刘子菡 石娟娟[1] 张萌[1] 党双锁[1] Zi-Han Liu;Juan-Juan Shi;Meng Zhang;Shuang-Suo Dang(Department of Infectious Diseases,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi‘an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 71004,Shaanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学第二附属医院感染科,陕西省西安市710004

出　　处：《世界华人消化杂志》2025年第4期251-260,共10页World Chinese Journal of Digestology

基　　金：中国肝炎防治基金会项目,No.GRG202501。

摘　　要：肝癌疾病负担严重,对肝癌高危人群进行筛查和早期诊断是提高肝癌生存率的关键.血清生物学标志物在肝癌的诊疗中具有较大的临床应用价值,目前临床上针对肝癌的常用血清学标志物包括甲胎蛋白(alpha-fetoprotein,AFP)、异常凝血酶原、甲胎蛋白异质体,还有其他潜在的生物学标志物如高尔基蛋73、磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖-3、骨桥蛋白、α-L-岩藻糖苷酶、Dickkopf蛋白和热休克蛋白90α.同时,随着液体活检技术的发展,循环肿瘤DNA、循环肿瘤细胞、微小RNA、长非编码RNA等新型标志物为肝癌患者的筛查和早期诊断提供了新的选择.本文通过综述肝癌相关肿瘤标志物的研究应用进展,为临床早期诊断肝癌患者提供科学依据,提高早诊率及改善预后,降低肝癌的死亡率.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)represents a major global health challenge,with early detection through surveillance of high-risk populations remaining critical for improving clinical outcomes.Serum biomarkers play a crucial role in the early detection of HCC.Currently,commonly used serological markers for HCC include alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin,and the Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of AFP.Other potential biomarkers under investigation include glypican-3,osteopontin,alpha-L-fucosidase,Dickkopf-1,heat shock protein 90α,and Golgi protein 73.With the advancement of liquid biopsy technologies,novel markers such as circulating tumor DNA,circulating tumor cells,microRNAs,and long non-coding RNAs have emerged as promising tools for early screening and diagnosis of HCC.This review aims to summarize the research progress and clinical applications of these biomarkers related to liver cancer,providing scientific evidence to enhance early diagnosis rates,improve prognosis,and ultimately reduce HCC-related mortality.

关 键 词：肝细胞癌 早期诊断 血清生物学标志物 联合检测 液体活检 

分 类 号：R735.7[医药卫生—肿瘤]