时间调制阵列感知辅助的无人机隐蔽通信  

Covert Communication Of UAV Aided By Time Modulated Array Perception

作　　者：缪晨[1] 秦雨萱 马瑞谦 林志 马越[1] 章文韬 吴文[1] MIAO Chen;QIN Yuxuan;MA Ruiqian;LIN Zhi;MA Yue;ZHANG Wentao;WU Wen(Key Laboratory of Near-Range RF Sensing ICs&Microsystems,Ministry of Education,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China;College of Electronic Engineering,National University of Defense Technology,Hefei 230037,China;State Key Laboratory of Millimetre Waves,Southeast University,Nanjing 210096,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学近程射频感知芯片与微系统教育部重点实验室,南京210014 [2]国防科技大学电子对抗学院,合肥230037 [3]东南大学毫米波国家重点实验室,南京210096

出　　处：《电子与信息学报》2025年第4期1004-1013,共10页Journal of Electronics & Information Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(62301254,62171464);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20230916);中国博士后科学基金(2023M731700);国防科技大学自主科研创新基金(22-ZZCX-07);合肥综合性国家科学中心。

摘　　要：随着无人机(UAV)通信技术在军民领域的广泛应用,保障UAV网络中的信息传输安全越来越受到关注。隐蔽通信提供了一种隐藏信息行为的良好手段,但目前数字波束成形等技术在带来更好隐蔽通信性能的同时,增加了体积和功耗。该文提出了一种基于时间调制平面阵列(TMPA)感知辅助的UAV短包隐蔽通信方法。首先,该文提出了基于TMPA-UAV隐蔽通信系统架构,并以此为基础提出了一种2维波达方向角(DOA)估计方法。其次,针对该场景建立了隐蔽通信模型,基于KL散度推导了隐蔽约束的闭式表达式。进一步地,该文根据估计的Willie角度对TMPA的开关序列进行优化,以最大化目标方向信号增益的同时最小化非目标方向信号增益。最后,该文以隐蔽吞吐量作为优化目标,使用一维搜索求解关于包长和发射功率优化问题的最优解。仿真表明,存在一个最优的数据包长使隐蔽吞吐量最大,所提TMPA辅助感知方案能够有效保证隐蔽传输,此外,选择合适的无人机高度可提高隐蔽通信性能。Objective With the widespread application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)communication technology in military and civilian domains,ensuring secure information transmission within UAV networks has received increasing attention.Covert communication is an effective approach to conceal information transmission.However,existing methods,such as digital beamforming,improve covert communication performance but increase system size and power consumption.This study proposes a UAV short-packet covert communication method based on Time Modulated Planar Array(TMPA)sensing.A TMPA-UAV covert communication system architecture is introduced,along with a two-dimensional Direction of Arrival(DOA)estimation method.A covert communication model is established,and a closed-form expression for the covert constraint is derived using Kullback-Leibler(KL)divergence.Based on the estimated angle of Willie,the TMPA switching sequence is optimized to maximize signal gain in the target direction while minimizing gain in non-target directions.Covert throughput is selected as the optimization objective,and a one-dimensional search method determines the optimal data packet length and transmission power.Results and Discussions Simulations show that the Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)for DOA estimation in both directions approaches 0°,with RMSE decreasing significantly as the Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR)increases(Fig.4).With a fixed elevation angle and azimuth angles varying between 0°and 60°,a comparison between the proposed method and the traditional DOA estimation method for time-modulated arrays indicates that the proposed method reduces DOA estimation error to the order of 0.1°,significantly improving accuracy.Beamforming simulations based on the estimation results(Fig.6)show a SideLobe Level(SLL)below–30 dB and a beamwidth of 5°,meeting design requirements.Covert communication simulations reveal the existence of an optimal data packet length that maximizes covert throughput(Fig.7).A stricter covert tolerance imposes tighter constraints on co

关 键 词：时间调制阵列 隐蔽通信 无人机 DOA估计 波束成形 

分 类 号：TN918[电子电信—通信与信息系统]